Dear Editor, Chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) is the advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and patients with this condition face a very high risk...

Most patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are asymptomatic. Despite the absence of symptoms, these patients have a significantly increased risk of death and...

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is widely practised for cardiopulmonary arrests with variable success. The initial intention was to defibrillate patients with ventricular fibrillation after acute...

Acute retention of urine (ARU) is the commonest urological condition requiring emergency admission to hospital and is usually managed by urethral catheterisation. Previously, patients...

Whilst infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be a common occurrence in this part of the world, those caused by atypical mycobacteria are rarely...

Intensive care has undergone rapid technological advancement in recent years enabling complex treatment of patients of advanced age and/or with advanced chronic diseases underlying...

Technological advances over the last 30 years have had an enormous impact on the way in which medicine is delivered today. This is particularly...

Bladder carcinoma is the tenth most common cancer affecting men in Singapore. It is more common in men with an age-standardised incidence rate of...

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may contribute to good outcome in selected groups of patients. Parenteral nutrition is highly effective in reversing effects attributable to...

With the rapid advances in the field of neonatal intensive care, the focus of interest has been on the very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infant in recent...

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in patients with gynaecological malignancies in Singapore and developed countries, the main reason being the...

Colorectal carcinoma is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although surgical resection in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy...

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode which causes a chronic but usually asymptomatic infection in humans. However, in immunocompromised patients, parasitic larvae can develop...

Twin studies are regarded as one of the better ways to study the effects and significance of gene, environment and interactions of both. The...

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Liver abscess has been recognised since the time of Hippocrates. The first report on liver abscess was published by Bright in 1836.1 However, reports...

Mental disorders are prevalent worldwide and while they are disabling and costly, they have not received that amount of attention and resources needed. A...

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) results in the gradual dilatation of the renal collecting system, and may lead to deterioration of renal function and pain....

The menisci of the knee are fibro-cartilaginous structures essential for the normal biomechanic of the knee joint. They play a critical role in shock...

Singapore faces an increasing demand for public healthcare from an ageing population in need of chronic care. At our cardiology specialist outpatient clinics, the...

Singapore is a country with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, 1 8.2% amongst its population aged between 18 and 69 years,2 and is...

Cervical spondylosis is an extremely common condition managed by both physicians and surgeons in daily clinical practice. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), resulting from longstanding...

High-grade glioma (malignant glioma) is the most common primary intra-axial tumour of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite recent therapeutic advances in glioma treatment,...

Multidisciplinary care has now been established as the optimal management principle for the majority of malignancies.1,2 However, the model of multidisciplinary care, specifically the...

Medulloblastoma (MBL) is the most common type of malignant brain tumour in childhood. It belongs to the group of tumours known as primitive neuroectodermal...

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. It is estimated that more than 5...

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in infants and children.1 Worldwide, the incidence is 1 in 18,000 to 34,000 live births with...

With the burden of chronic disease rising amongst rapidly urbanising Asian populations, active participation in health screening would allow for early detection and management...

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is reaching epidemic levels worldwide.1,2 The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that the number of people with diabetes mellitus...

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a substantial public health burden that has poor prognosis. Patients who receive “good” and “high-quality” cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have...

Prostate cancer is now the third most common cancer among Singapore males, with a world age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of 23.9 per 100,000 from...

Our tertiary hospital has a 9-bed Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) that caters to all surgical disciplines except Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery (which has...

Obesity is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the Western World with a frequency of 10% to 15%. It causes or exacerbates...

The stress experienced by parents of children with hearing impairment (HI) has been studied over the past 2 decades. Increased parenting stress is often...

Late preterm infants are defined as those who are born between the gestational age (GA) from 34 weeks and 0/7 days through 36 weeks...

Muslim individuals worldwide participate in obligatory abstinence from oral consumption of medications, food and liquid during the fasting month of Ramadan. Fasting during Ramadan...

Diabetic kidney disease remains a significant disease burden globally and is associated with increased medical costs once chronic kidney disease (CKD) ensues. Therefore, optimisation...

Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of permanent, but often changing, disorders that affect movement and posture, causing activity limitation, attributed to nonprogressive disturbances...