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Through the eyes into the brain, using artificial intelligence

Neurological dysfunction is a leading cause of disability, affecting more than 276 million people worldwide.1 Over the last decades, the prevalence of neurological dysfunction...

The eye as a window to the brain

Over the last 20 years, it has become evident that the age-old expression, “the eye is the window into the soul”, might in fact...

Prevalence, risk factors and parental perceptions of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asian infants in Singapore

Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as colic, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and constipation, are common in infants under 1 year. They are a frequent cause...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asian infants: Similar condition, different perceptions

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a common problem in infancy, may lead to troublesome symptoms or complications such as oesophagitis or oesophageal stricturing in a...

The Investigation and Management of Thyroid Nodules—A Retrospective Review of 183 Cases

Thyroid nodule is a common problem in surgical practice. In 1994, more than 350 thyroid operations were performed in our department, of which 183...

Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which could lead to visual impairment and blindness, is a recognised serious morbidity amongst surviving premature infants. The inverse relationship...

Role of Ultrasonography in Screening for Urological Malignancies in Patients Presenting With Painless Haematuria

Haematuria of any degree should never be ignored and, in adults, it should be regarded as a symptom of urological malignancy until proven otherwise....

Aseptic Meningitis in Children—The Singapore Experience

Aseptic meningitis is a common diagnosis among infants admitted for fever without an obvious source. In cases where the aetiologic agent could be identified,...

Intracerebral Schwannoma—A Rare Cause of Epilepsy

Schwannomas are extra-axial neoplasms derived from the nerve sheath of peripheral or cranial nerves. They represent approximately 8% of all intracranial tumours, arising predominantly...

Clinical Applications of MR Cholangiopancreatography

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has attracted a lot of interest from clinicians because it is a non-invasive method of obtaining a cholangiographic image without...

Imaging of Paediatric Mediastinal Masses

A review of mediastinal masses in children, emphasising imaging features, is important for several reasons. Firstly, the mediastinum is the most common location for...

Imaging of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

The pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global healthcare problem and HIV infection is the most common cause of...

Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in Intracranial Infections

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DWMRI) is becoming essential to the assessment of acute cerebral infarction and has also been applied to distinguish cerebral...

A Case of Right Loin Pain: Septic Ovarian Vein Thrombosis Due to Campylobacter fetus Bacteraemia

Septic ovarian venous thrombosis is an uncommon entity. Classically, it occurs as a postpartum complication with reported frequency of 1 in 600 to 2000...

Supernumerary Testicle in a Case of Polyorchidism

The presence of more than 2 testicles is called polyorchidism. It is a rare anomaly. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click...

PET Tracers and Radiochemistry

Positron emission tomography (PET) has become a powerful scientific and clinical tool for probing biochemical processes in the human body. This is due, in...

Physical Principles and Technology of Clinical PET Imaging

The past few years have seen the transition of positron emission tomography (PET) from the research domain into mainstream clinical applications for oncology. The...

Recurrent Non-immune Fetal Hydrops: A Case Report

The incidence of non-immune hydrops (NIH) has been reported to be 1/10001 and is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality at all gestational...

Neonatal Hepatic Abscess in Preterm Infants: A Rare Entity

Liver abscess has been recognised since the time of Hippocrates. The first report on liver abscess was published by Bright in 1836.1 However, reports...

The Teaching of Radiology

A record of Diagnostic Radiology would be incomplete without reference to Wilheim Roentgen, who discovered the rays that he could not comprehend; hence, X-rays....

Evaluating the Optic Nerve and Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer: The Roles of Heidelberg Retina Tomography, Scanning Laser Polarimetry and Optical Coherence Tomography

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy with characteristic optic nerve damage and visual field loss. With the introduction of the ophthalmoscope by Helmholtz in 1851,...

Radiology: Does It Have a Sell-by Date?

Radiology is riding the crest of a wave. We have superb images, available immediately in all parts of the hospital. Fusion of functional and...

Emergency Department Headache Admissions in an Acute Care Hospital: Why Do They Occur and What Can We Do About It?

Headache is a common presenting complaint in the Emergency Department (ED), accounting for 1% to 4% of all visits.1-3 A significant proportion of these...

Computed Tomography Features in Enteric Fever

Enteric fever is a potentially fatal multi-systemic febrile disease caused by Salmonella.  Salmonella are gram-negative, rod-shaped facultative intracellular anaerobic bacteria with more than 2500...

Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound-detected Calcification in Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid nodules which can be palpated are present in between 4% and 7% of the population. Solid nodules as small as 3 mm and...

A maxillary sinus mass

A 55-year-old Chinese woman presented to the ear, nose and throat clinic with a 6-month history of left-sided blood-stained mucus. It was dark brown...