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Through the eyes into the brain, using artificial intelligence

Neurological dysfunction is a leading cause of disability, affecting more than 276 million people worldwide.1 Over the last decades, the prevalence of neurological dysfunction...

The eye as a window to the brain

Over the last 20 years, it has become evident that the age-old expression, “the eye is the window into the soul”, might in fact...

Development and feasibility of a mobile-based vestibular rehabilitation therapy application for healthy older adults

Dear Editor, Vestibular hypofunction (VH) is the clinical condition where there is partial or complete loss of the vestibular organs and/or vestibular nerves. Symptoms...

Medicine and Surgery—History, Change and Challenge

Mr Koh Yong Guan, guest-of-honour; Dr Tan Ser Kiat, Master, Academy of Medicine; Dr K C Tan, Chairman, Chapter of Surgeons; Dr Robert Jalleh...

Imaging of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

The pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global healthcare problem and HIV infection is the most common cause of...

A Case of Right Loin Pain: Septic Ovarian Vein Thrombosis Due to Campylobacter fetus Bacteraemia

Septic ovarian venous thrombosis is an uncommon entity. Classically, it occurs as a postpartum complication with reported frequency of 1 in 600 to 2000...

PET Tracers and Radiochemistry

Positron emission tomography (PET) has become a powerful scientific and clinical tool for probing biochemical processes in the human body. This is due, in...

Physical Principles and Technology of Clinical PET Imaging

The past few years have seen the transition of positron emission tomography (PET) from the research domain into mainstream clinical applications for oncology. The...

The Teaching of Radiology

A record of Diagnostic Radiology would be incomplete without reference to Wilheim Roentgen, who discovered the rays that he could not comprehend; hence, X-rays....

Demands and Challenges of Modern Medicine

I am deeply honoured by the invitation to deliver the 16th Tun Dr Ismail Oration and I wish to thank the Master and Council...

Evaluating the Optic Nerve and Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer: The Roles of Heidelberg Retina Tomography, Scanning Laser Polarimetry and Optical Coherence Tomography

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy with characteristic optic nerve damage and visual field loss. With the introduction of the ophthalmoscope by Helmholtz in 1851,...

Emergency Department Headache Admissions in an Acute Care Hospital: Why Do They Occur and What Can We Do About It?

Headache is a common presenting complaint in the Emergency Department (ED), accounting for 1% to 4% of all visits.1-3 A significant proportion of these...

Hypoxic-ischaemic Brain Injury in Young Infants

In young infants, different types of hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury can occur.1-6 Brain injury can be localised or diffused.2-6 In localised brain injury, arterial or...

Computed Tomography Features in Enteric Fever

Enteric fever is a potentially fatal multi-systemic febrile disease caused by Salmonella.  Salmonella are gram-negative, rod-shaped facultative intracellular anaerobic bacteria with more than 2500...

A maxillary sinus mass

A 55-year-old Chinese woman presented to the ear, nose and throat clinic with a 6-month history of left-sided blood-stained mucus. It was dark brown...

Potentially avoidable readmissions: Understanding drivers and technology-enabled solutions

Hospital admissions places high resource demands on the health system, and is a major cost-driver in Singapore and globally.1-3 Admissions have and will continue...