Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of various rheumatic conditions including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The adverse effects of NSAIDs on the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are well known and well described. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top...

Immunologic tolerance is a hallmark of the immune system whereby immune cells are tolerant of self antigen. Historically, this tolerance was thought to be secondary to the removal of self-reactive T cells during development and maturation in the thymus of the immune cells - clonal deletion. This article is available...

The spondyloarthropathies (SpA) comprise a heterogenous group of conditions that include ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis/Reiter’s syndrome, arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease and pauciarticular, late-onset juvenile chronic arthritis. Undifferentiated forms of the disease are also present. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on...

Traditional medicine includes the knowledge and practices that rely exclusively on practical experience and observations handed down from generations to generations, either verbally or in writing. Traditional systems of medicine in India are culturally acceptable and usually inexpensive. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download...

Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) are derivatives of natural products that have been used for centuries in China to treat a variety of human disorders, including immune-mediated disorders. The development of immunosuppressive agents with high efficacy and minimal toxicities has been the focus of novel drug research. This article is available...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by symmetrical inflammatory arthritis. Most patients exhibit a chronic course. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

In the early 1700s, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, wife of the British ambassador to Turkey, introduced the practice of variolation against smallpox into Western Europe. This act of immunisation had since been better understood. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to...