Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of various rheumatic conditions including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The adverse effects of NSAIDs on...

Immunologic tolerance is a hallmark of the immune system whereby immune cells are tolerant of self antigen. Historically, this tolerance was thought to be...

The spondyloarthropathies (SpA) comprise a heterogenous group of conditions that include ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis/Reiter’s syndrome, arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel...

Traditional medicine includes the knowledge and practices that rely exclusively on practical experience and observations handed down from generations to generations, either verbally or...

Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) are derivatives of natural products that have been used for centuries in China to treat a variety of human disorders,...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by symmetrical inflammatory arthritis. Most patients exhibit a chronic course. This article is available only as...

In the early 1700s, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, wife of the British ambassador to Turkey, introduced the practice of variolation against smallpox into Western...