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The Epidemiology and Treatment of Anogenital Warts in Singapore: A Retrospective Evaluation

Anogenital warts are caused by specific subtypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV), of which serotypes HPV 6 and 11 are the most common. There are 3 types of HPV infection: This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) – Twenty Years On

In 1982, Heald et al1 at the Basingstoke District General Hospital introduced the concept of total mesorectal excision (TME) as a means of performing optimal tumour clearance for patients with rectal cancer. Five cases were described where minute foci of adenocarcinoma was demonstrated in the mesorectum several centimetres distal...

2005 Galloway Memorial Lecture: Breast Phyllodes Tumours – Morphology and Beyond

The clinical behaviour of phyllodes tumours (PTs) of the breast is difficult to predict.1-5 While histological features have been traditionally used as predictors of clinical outcome, specific parameters that define recurrent likelihood are still not universally agreed upon.2 Though grade,6,7 stromal overgrowth,8,9 tumour necrosis and heterologous stromal elements,10 or...

False Positive F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Combined PET/CT Scans from Suture Granuloma and Chronic Inflammation: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

Postoperative surveillance for recurrence after curative colorectal cancer surgery has been enhanced with the use of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) combined positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging that detect metabolic anomalies via differences in tissue glucose uptake and thus metabolic activity.1-3 This may occasionally pose a problem in distinguishing...

Parathyroid Carcinoma: A Case Series

Parathyroid carcinomas account for 1% to 3% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).1 Patients usually present with a severe form of hyperparathyroidism at diagnosis, such as bone disease, renal disease, or hypercalcaemic crisis, in contrast to the relatively asymptomatic presentation of benign parathyroid disease.2 Problems encountered include difficulty in...

Tuberculosis Masquerading as Recurrent Metastatic Carcinoma of the Cervix

The incidences of certain malignancies are increasing and are major causes of mortality. Diagnosis can be difficult and delayed. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

The Role of Surgery in High-grade Glioma – Is Surgical Resection Justified? A Review of the Current Knowledge

High-grade glioma (malignant glioma) is the most common primary intra-axial tumour of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite recent therapeutic advances in glioma treatment, the outcome for high-grade glioma has been disappointing. The first reported case of glioma resection was performed by Rickman Godlee in 1884.1 More than a...

Improved Median Survival for Glioblastoma Multiforme Following Introduction of Adjuvant Temozolomide Chemotherapy

WHO grade IV glioma or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumour that accounts for 50% to 60% of intracranial glioma.1 In patients who present with GBM, despite macroscopic debulking surgery and effective adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), the median survival (MS) is generally only 9 to...

Optimising Radiation Therapy Techniques for Tumours of the Central Nervous System

Tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are a diverse group of pathologies with varying natural histories and outcomes. The presence of adjacent sensitive neural structures limits the role of surgery to achieve complete tumour excision; similarly, the blood-brain barrier restricts the penetration and activity of many systemic chemotherapy...