High restenosis rate, which has been documented to occur in approximately 30% to 50% of cases, still remains a major concern, although percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty can be performed with a high initial success rate and good immediate angiographic results. Early elastic recoil, late vessel remodelling, and neointimal proliferation...

Pseudoaneurysms of the profunda femoris artery have been reported following blunt and penetrating trauma to the thigh, and orthopaedic procedures of the proximal femur. These pseudoaneurysms can present in various forms, such as a painful pulsatile mass, or even thigh compartment syndrome. This article is available only as a PDF....

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an infrequent but potentially deadly disease. The mortality rate of CVT is 10% to 20%, and surviving patients may suffer significant morbidity such as seizures or neurological deficits. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view...

Myocardial bridge, intramural coronary artery, coronary artery over bridging and myocardial loop are essentially the different terms used to designate the same phenomenon. Myocardial bridge was first described by Reyman in 1737 as an anatomical curiosity – the overlaying of the left anterior descending coronary artery by a myocardial...

Carotid stenosis is a clear marker of increased stroke risk and is an important parameter in clinical risk stratification. Grading carotid stenosis has a direct impact on management decisions in view of the benefit provided by carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with 70% to 99% stenosis.1 Patients in this...

The possible methods of reaching the coronary vasculature using a percutaneous technique are limitless: the radial, femoral, brachial, ulnar, subclavian and axillary arteries, and even direct puncture of the aorta from a translumbar approach, have been utilised in the past. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click...