Sarcoidosis is a multisystem, granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology. It affects the lungs in 90% of cases, but is also known to affect other...

Cryptococcosis is a well-recognised infection in immunocompromised patients, although its prevalence varies with the type of immune defect. We report a patient with myasthenia...

Cytokines are peptide molecules that are responsible for intercellular signalling during immune activation events. Cytokines are responsible, in large part, for the regulation of...

It is a great honour to be giving this lecture – the 15th, in memory of Professor Seah, who by all accounts was truly...

There are several reports in the literature of sebaceous hyperplasia being induced by cyclosporin in immuno-suppression of organ transplant patients. The condition was only...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious opportunistic infection in transplant recipients, with an incidence in organ transplant recipients ranging from 0.35% in developed countries to...

This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on "Download PDF" to view the full article.

Patients suffering from visual field defects caused by optic nerve or post-chiasmatic injury commonly experience many limitations in their daily activities. The generally accepted...

The prevalence rates of myopia, including high myopia (spherical equivalent at least –6.0 diopters), are rising to epidemic proportions in Asia. Singapore has one...

The review articles in this journal represent the advancing frontier of the dynamic specialty of ophthalmology. In the cacophony of advancing scientific opinion, we...

Two recent court rulings1 have underlined the global trend of relying on the principles of medical ethics of autonomy or self-determination of the individual...

The heterogeneous group of conditions resulting in glaucomatous optic neuropathy have been treated with a combination of medical and surgical therapies. The advent of...

The possible role of nutritional supplementation in preventing or halting the progression of ocular disease is of interest to healthcare professionals and patients. Nutritional...

Endophthalmitis is an uncommon but potentially devastating complication of cataract surgery and often carries a poor prognosis. Due to variations in study design and...

The advancement flap is a modality of skin defect closure via mobilisation of tissue along a linear direction. It is one of the most...

The Muller’s muscle (MM) is a sympathetically innervated upper eyelid muscle that elevates the eyelid besides the levator palpebral superioris. The MM resembles smooth...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a group of non-Mendellian disorders which share the common manifestation of chronic progressive degeneration of the macula involving changes...

Singapore has one of the fastest ageing populations in the world today. The current elderly population, defined as persons 65 years or older, comprises...

There is increasing evidence that retinal and cardiovascular diseases share a “common soil”. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and...

It is now a well-known fact that Singapore’s population is greying dramatically due to the ageing of the “baby boomers” – defined as those...

Organ and bone marrow transplantation have been extraordinary success stories in medicine during the past 50 years. A large and important clinical service has...

Herpes zoster (HZ) occurs when latent virus in the dorsal-root ganglia becomes reactivated and causes a vesicular and often painful rash with a dermatomal...

The development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a serious metabolic complication of kidney transplantation that predisposes patients to graft dysfunction, cardiovascular disease...