Original Article
Benefits of leisure-related physical activity and association between sedentary time and risk for hypertension and type 2 diabetes
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are serious public health issues. Approximately 451 million individuals worldwide aged 18–99 years were living with diabetes in 2017, and...
Letter to the Editor
Prevalence of perceived weight-based stigmatisation in a multiethnic Asian population
Dear Editor,
People with obesity contend with obesity-related stigmas, in addition to health complications.1 In contrast to the West, literature documenting the prevalence of such...
Review Article
An Overview of Anaesthetic Issues in Phaeochromocytoma
New developments in technology, monitoring and pharmacology over the last decade have improved our understanding of phaeochromocytoma and its management. This review summarises the...
Original Article
Glaucoma Pattern Amongst the Elderly Chinese in Singapore
Glaucoma is a major cause of world blindness in developing and developed nations. The WHO Global data on blindness show that over half of...
Review Article
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Singapore
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or lupus (“wolf” in Latin) in short, is an autoimmune disorder of unknown aetiology(ies) and characterised by diverse clinical manifestations...
Original Article
Clinical Predictors of Nephritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Lupus nephritis is a common manifestation of lupus associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The use of cytotoxic agents has resulted in improved renal...
Original Article
The Effect of Fenofibrate on Insulin Sensitivity and Plasma Lipid Profile in Non diabetic Males with Low High Density Lipoprotein/Dyslipidaemic Syndrome
Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance have been postulated to relate directly to both hypertension and coronary artery disease in type II diabetes and possibly also...
Original Article
Body Mass Index and Its Related Factors in the Elderly
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developed countries, especially among the elderly. In Taiwan, cardiovascular disease is...
Original Article
Body Mass Index Profile in Hong Kong Chinese Adults
Obesity is considered a chronic disease and not just a social stigma due to the associated morbidity and early mortality. Obesity has now become...
Review Article
Recent Advances in the Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/Hypopnoea Syndrome
The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the number of patients being referred for investigation for the obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS)....
Original Article
Thyroid Dysfunction in Chronic Schizophrenia Within a State Psychiatric Hospital
Thyroid dysfunction can give rise to various psychiatric symptoms. While there is a persistent interest in the role of thyroid axis in affective disorders,...
Others
Subdural Block—From a Spinal? A Case Report
There have been multiple reports of accidental subdural blocks published in the last 20 years. Majority of these have been the result of an...
Original Article
Are Maternal Deaths on the Ascent in Singapore? A Review of Maternal Mortality as Reflected by Coronial Casework from 1990 to 1999
It is said that, worldwide, over half a million maternal deaths occur annually. This might well be a conservative estimate, given the difficulties inherent...
Original Article
Correlates of Habitual Walking and Sports/Leisure-time Physical Activity in Older Persons in Singapore: Interaction Effects Between Educational Attainment and Gender
Physical inactivity has been identified as a major cause of morbidity and mortality secondary to cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. It contributes to...
Original Article
Oral Lesions and Conditions Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in 1000 South Indian Patients
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major global health problem. It is estimated that the number of people living with HIV infection in...
Review Article
Clinical PET Imaging – An Asian Perspective
Positron emission tomography (PET) is distinct from other imaging modalities in its ability to probe the physiology and biochemistry of normal and abnormal tissues....
Review Article
The Epidemiology of Myopia in Hong Kong
Myopia is a refractive condition in which the image of a distant object is formed anterior to the retina of the unaccommodated (relaxed) eye....
Review Article
Evidence for an “Epidemic” of Myopia
A number of authors have recently proposed that myopia is increasing at an “epidemic” rate, particularly in East Asia, and especially among populations of...
Original Article
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Paediatric Oncology Patients in Singapore
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been gaining acceptance throughout the world. The efficacy of CAM is unproven, yet it remains popular with the...
Review Article
The Feminist Approach in the Decision-making Process for Treatment of Women With Breast Cancer
The ethical theories employed in healthcare today generally assume a modern Western philosophical framework, which is applied to many issues such as abortion, euthanasia,...
Original Article
Tuberculosis Peritonitis in Negara Brunei Darussalam
There has been a resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in many countries, including developed nations, especially with the HIV pandemic and the increase in immigration.1,2...
Editorial
Diabetes in Asia – From Understanding to Action
In the present pandemic of diabetes and obesity, 60% of the affected population will come from Asia. Between India and China, these two most...
Review Article
Cardiovascular Changes in Children with Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a spectrum of diseases ranging from primary snoring to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). A recent review suggested that the...
Review Article
Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome in Singapore Children
Obesity is becoming a problem of epidemic proportions and is perhaps, the most pervasive medical problem faced by medical providers today. It is a...
Review Article
Sleep Disorders in Children: The Singapore Perspective
Sleep problems are common in children. For example, snoring occurs in more than 25% of Singapore children1 and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) occurs in...
Others
Review of Children Hospitalised for Ingestion and Poisoning at a Tertiary Centre
Childhood ingestion and poisoning is an important problem in many countries,1-8 and accounts for a significant workload for emergency department consultations and hospital admissions.9,10...
Others
Retinal and Cardiovascular Diseases: The “Common Soil” Theory
There is increasing evidence that retinal and cardiovascular diseases share a “common soil”. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and...
Original Article
Risk Factor Profile and Treatment Patterns of Patients with Atherothrombosis in Singapore: Insight from the REACH Registry
Atherothrombosis is a global problem that affects every ethnic group. It can lead to ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction or vascular death.
This article is available...
Original Article
Diabetes and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Iran: The Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme
The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide is increasing, due almost exclusively to an increase in non-insulin-dependent (type 2) DM, which represents...
Original Article
Characteristics, and Disease Control and Complications of Hypertensive Patients in Primary-care – A Community-based Study in Singapore
Essential hypertension is a chronic disease involving the primary elevation of systemic blood pressure (BP). While the main causes of essential hypertension has not...
Original Article
Where the Elderly Die: The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors and Cause of Death on People Dying at Home
The subject of place of death was brought to the forefront of the medical community in July 2004 when 2 important publications were released;...
Original Article
Psychological Symptoms in People Presenting for Weight Management
Multiple factors contribute to the genesis and maintenance of obesity which is a difficult condition to treat and weight loss is often not maintained....
Original Article
Multi-disease Health Screening in an Urban Low-income Setting: A Community-based Study
With the burden of chronic disease rising amongst rapidly urbanising Asian populations, active participation in health screening would allow for early detection and management...
Original Article
Leptin and Bone Mineral Density in Haemodialysis Patients
Leptin, a protein hormone product of the obesity (ob) gene, is synthesised and secreted mainly by white adipose tissue. This hormone has been initially...
Original Article
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome by the Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization Definitions and their Association with Coronary Heart Disease in an Elderly Iranian Population
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in different communities.1,2 Despite the lack of accurate data,...
Review Article
Cardiovascular Risks Associated With Obesity in Children and Adolescents
The prevalence of obesity has risen by three-folds or more in many countries since 1980. In 2005, it was estimated that globally there are...
Review Article
The Role of Leptin-Melanocortin System and Human Weight Regulation: Lessons from Experiments of Nature
Obesity predisposes to significant morbidities and premature mortality, and the increasing obesity prevalence all over the world has been attributed to industrialisation and modernisation...
Review Article
Review on Epidemic of Obesity
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were about 1.6 billion overweight adults aged 15 years and above and at least 400 million...
Review Article
The Role of Genes in the Current Obesity Epidemic
Obesity is a global pandemic and a major health concern because of the consequent morbidity and premature mortality; obesity predisposes to serious morbidities such...
Review Article
The Relevance of the Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome describes a constellation of interrelated metabolic risk factors, in which components coexist more frequently in a given individual than could be expected...
Original Article
Development of Bariatric Surgery: The Effectiveness of a Multi-disciplinary Weight Management Programme in Hong Kong
Obesity is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the Western World with a frequency of 10% to 15%. It causes or exacerbates...
Original Article
Comparison of Oral Glucose Insulin Sensitivity with Other Insulin Sensitivity Surrogates from Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests in Chinese
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases leading to higher morbidity and mortality. These...
Original Article
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients with Schizophrenia in Singapore
Schizophrenia has been linked to metabolic disturbances such as obesity, dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia. It has also been associated with a more than 3-fold increase...
Original Article
Smoking and Nicotine Dependence in Singapore: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study
Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death and is the fourth most common risk factor for disease. Nearly 6 million deaths occur worldwide...
Original Article
Suicidal Ideation, Suicidal Plan and Suicidal Attempts Among Those with Major Depressive Disorder
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that every year, almost a million people die from suicide — a mortality rate of 16 per 100,000,...
Original Article
Kidney Cancer and Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Taiwan
Kidney cancer accounts for 3% to 4% of all cancers. In a systematic review by Mathew and et al,2 the incidence of kidney cancer...
Original Article
Identification of Insulin Resistance in Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance
Currently, type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of death in Taiwan, as well as in many other countries. It places a tremendous burden...
Original Article
Comparison of Adults with Insulin Resistance (IR) in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Versus IR in Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody-negative Diabetes
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a term used to describe the adult onset autoimmune diabetes, characterised by the presence of type 1...
Original Article
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Preschoolers in Singapore
The increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and its associated adverse health outcomes have become an important health issue. Childhood obesity can persist...
Original Article
New-onset cardiovascular risk factors following liver transplantation: A cohort analysis in Singapore
Malnutrition is well described in liver cirrhosis. The hyperdynamic circulation and altered metabolism in cirrhosis result in a hypercatabolic state which accelerates tissue breakdown....