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Case studies of fetal mosaicisms detected by non-invasive prenatal testing

Dear Editor, The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommended that all pregnant women be offered non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) regardless of the patient’s...

Erdheim-Chester disease: Imaging spectrum of multisystemic manifestations

Dear Editor, Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis, usually affecting middle-aged to older adults. It is a multisystemic disease with protean clinical manifestations....

Impact of aortic annular size and valve type on haemodynamics and clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

The management of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with small aortic annulus (SAA) represents a therapeutic challenge due to the increased mortality and...

Antiphospholipid and other autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients: A Singapore series

Dear Editor, Thrombosis is an unexpected complication of COVID-19 initially reported in 3 patients from China.1 These patients tested positive for immunoglobulin (Ig) A anticardiolipin...

Safety and efficacy of combined antiplatelet and low-dose rivaroxaban in patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia in Singapore

Dear Editor, Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterised by the debilitating atherosclerotic occlusion of arteries in the lower extremities, with chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI)...

Different strokes for different folks

Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common arrhythmia since William Harvey’s observation of fibrillating auricles in open chest animal models in 1628. Willem Einthoven...

Barriers to breast cancer screening in Singapore: A literature review

Breast cancer is a major public health concern and a leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, including Singapore.1 According to the 2018...

Interaction of sex and diabetes in Asian patients with heart failure with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common comorbidity worldwide with global prevalence among adults above 18 years of age increasing from 4.7% in 1980 to...

Prevalence, risk factors and parental perceptions of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asian infants in Singapore

Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as colic, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and constipation, are common in infants under 1 year. They are a frequent cause...

Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asian infants: Similar condition, different perceptions

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a common problem in infancy, may lead to troublesome symptoms or complications such as oesophagitis or oesophageal stricturing in a...

Haemoglobin H disease and outcomes in Singapore

Dear Editor, Haemoglobin H (HbH) disease is a haemoglobinopathy affecting 3 of 4 α-globin genes on chromosome 16. It results from the deletion of 2...

A Case Report of Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis in a Patient Receiving Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a neutrophilic dermatosis primarily affecting the eccrine glands and occurs most commonly in patients undergoing chemotherapy for a malignancy. This...

A Study of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Patients over a Ten-year Period

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immunoregulatory disorder in which antibodies damage platelets leading to their removal by cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES)....

Use of Atypical Neuroleptics in a State Mental Institute

Schizophrenia is the most severe of all mental disorders and affects about 1% of the population. The main disturbances of schizophrenia comprise positive symptoms,...

Childhood Leukaemia: Towards an Integrated Psychosocial Intervention Programme in Singapore

In the last two decades there has been a surge of interest concerning the psychosocial correlates of life-threatening illnesses. Research in this area has...

A Case Report of Adult T-Cell Leukaemia/Lymphoma (ATLL)

Our patient was a 71-year-old Chinese man who presented with a 6-year history of recurrent papular erythematous eruptions to the dermatologist. This article is available...

Newer Thrombolytic Agents

First-generation fibrinolytic agents (streptokinase and urokinase) are effective thrombolytic drugs, but are not fibrin specific as they also have the property to convert circulating...

8th Seah Cheng Siang Memorial Lecture: New Antithrombotic Agents

The tremendous interest in finding new anti-aggregating agents stems from the preeminent role that platelets play, not only in haemostasis and thrombosis, but also...

Activated Protein C Resistance: A Study Among 60 Thromboembolic Patients in the Singapore Population

In 1993, Dahlback and colleagues described a new hereditary thrombophilia state-activated protein C resistance (AK-R). Further studies showed this to be the commonest genetic...

Pseudomembranous Tracheobronchitis Caused by Aspergillus in a Patient after Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

Pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus is a rare and lethal variant of invasive aspergillosis. It has been reported in a few series of immunocompromised...

Philadelphia Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL): Clinico-Haematologic Characteristics, Molecular Analyses and 3-year Follow Up—A Single Institution Study

A number of specific chromosome abnormalities are associated with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The commonest in adults with B lineage ALL is the Philadelphia...

Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Complications in Patients with Mechanical Heart Valve Prostheses Attending the Singapore General Hospital Anticoagulation Clinic

Patients with mechanical heart-valve prosthesis receive lifelong anticoagulation. The management of these patients taking oral anticoagulants is aimed at achieving and maintaining adequate levels...

Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Using a Combination of All-trans Retinoic Acid and Chemotherapy

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)-M3 under the French-American-British (FAB) classification, is characterised by the following: a distinct expansion of promyelocytes...

The Views of Mental Health Professionals Towards Psychotherapy—A Singapore Survey

There is a trend in Asia towards a greater application of psychotherapeutic approaches in multidisciplinary settings to emotional and behavioural disturbances. The inaugural issue...

The Use of Vigabatrin in Infantile Spasms in Asian Children

Infantile spasms are a form of age-dependent myoclonic epilepsy that is difficult to control. Agents such as adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and prednisolone have been...

CD4 Lymphocyte Enumeration in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Using Three-Colour and Four-Colour Dual-Platform Flow Cytometry: An Inter-Laboratory Comparative Evaluation

Clinical flow cytometry provides a precise technology for the multiparameter analysis of the morphological (scatter) and immunofluorescence properties of stained leukocyte populations, as well...

Deep Vein Thrombosis is Not Rare in Asia—The Singapore General Hospital Experience

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), the postphlebitic syndrome and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) are important and often preventable causes of early morbidity...

High-dose Therapy followed by Autologous Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disorder in which malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and produce an immunoglobulin, usually monoclonal IgG or...

New Aspects of the Blood Coagulation Cascade, Anticoagulants and Vein Thrombosis in Asia

Injury to blood vessels triggers haemostasis, a process that has evolved to achieve two superficially incompatible outcomes: arresting blood loss while protecting vessel patency...

Four Pregnancies in Two Patients with Essential Thrombocythaemia—A Case Report

Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a rare myeloproliferative disease which manifests with an elevated platelet count. It presents predominantly in the middle-aged population, occurring slightly...

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder in which platelets are sensitised with an antiplatelet autoantibody and then destroyed by the reticuloendothelial system.1...

Thrombophilia in Pregnancy

A clear understanding of thrombophilia is becoming increasingly important in the practice of high-risk obstetrics. In addition to their role in thromboembolic disease, there...

Management of Haematologic Malignancies in Pregnancy

Malignancy complicates the course of about 1 in 1000 pregnancies and is the second leading cause of death in women of reproductive age. The...

Pregnancy in Women with Idiopathic Thrombocytopaenic Purpura

Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) is the most common autoimmune haematological disorder in pregnancy. The pathophysiology of the disease is peripheral destruction of platelets mediated...

Clinical Update on Deep Vein Thrombosis in Singapore

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and its acute complication–pulmonary embolism (PE), is one of the most important preventable causes of death in hospital patients. It...

Case Report on Recombinant Coagulation Factor VIIa in the Treatment of Three Haemophilia A Patients with Inhibitors in Singapore

Development of inhibitors against factor VIII is one of the main complications in the treatment of haemophiliacs. Inhibitors block the procoagulant effects of factor...

Evaluation on the Use of a Portable Unit Versus the Laboratory for the Monitoring of International Normalized Ratio (INR) in Orally Anticoagulated Patients

Oral anticoagulation therapy is used for a number of conditions, namely deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, mechanical heart valves, embolic stroke as well as...

Trauma-induced coagulopathy: Mechanisms and clinical management

Globally, trauma accounts for the highest number of mortalities in adolescents and young adults up to 49 years old.1 Of these deaths, a large...

Coagulopathy related to trauma: Is it time for a goal-directed approach?

Trauma represents a leading cause of death globally, and post-traumatic haemorrhage accounts for 40% of early mortality in spite of recent improvements in modern...

In vitro Biological Characteristics of Human Cord Blood-derived Megakaryocytes

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is now a well-established therapeutic modality for a broadening spectrum of medical problems. Umbilical cord blood (CB) has emerged...

Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Children and Adults

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established form of treatment for many high-risk haematological malignancies and marrow failure syndromes. The use of...

Haematopoietic Graft Engineering

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become an established modality for the treatment of cancer and diseases of the bone marrow and immunological system....

Stem Cells: Current Usage and Future Potentials

In recent years, the term “haematopoeitic stem cell transplantation” has replaced “bone marrow transplantation”. It is more precise and emphasises the “haematopoeitic stem cell”...

A Rare Case of Porphyria

Porphyrias are a rare and intriguing group of metabolic disorders. We report a case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria, one of the infrequent forms of...

Extensive Calcinosis Cutis in Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Calcinosis cutis is characterised by the aberrant deposition of calcium salts in the skin. In metastatic calcinosis cutis, calcium salts are precipitated in normal...

The Effectiveness of Transvaginal Anterior Colporrhaphy Reinforced with Polypropylene Mesh in the Treatment of Severe Cystoceles

Using the Baden-Walker halfway system, Grade 4 cystoceles are defined as extrusions of the bladder base beyond the vaginal introitus with patient straining maximally...

Clinical Experience with Three Combination Regimens for the Treatment of High-risk Febrile Neutropenia

Cancer patients who become severely neutropenic as a result of intensive myelosuppressive chemotherapy are at high risk for developing life-threatening infections, and unless they...

Diagnosis and Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Children

Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may present with nocturnal and/or diurnal symptoms. The history is best obtained from parents, or siblings who share...

Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy followed by Surgery in Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oesophagus: A Single Centre Experience

Carcinoma of the oesophagus is a relatively uncommon malignancy in Singapore and incidence rates have been declining since 1968. A total of 506 cases...

Clinical Characteristics of Renal Infarction in an Asian Population

Renal infarction is a rare disease. Domanovits et al reported an incidence rate of 0.007% (17/248,842) during a study period of 45 months. This article...

Review of the Management Outcome of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis and the Role of Prophylactic Contra-lateral Pinning Re-examined

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is the commonest hip problem in the adolescent age group. The goals of treatment are aimed at avoiding the complications...

Use of Antibiotics in a Haematology Ward – An Audit

Rising rates of antibiotic resistance prompted a review of antibiotic use policies hospitalwide. The Department of Haematology established a new set of consensus guidelines...

Application of the McDonald MRI Criteria in Multiple Sclerosis

Since its advent in 1982, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important component in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI is a...

Extracranial Non-vestibular Head and Neck Schwannomas: A Ten-year Experience

Schwannomas, also known as neurilemmomas, neuromas, or neurinomas, are uncommon nerve sheath neoplasms that may originate from any peripheral, cranial or autonomic nerve of...

An Unusual Cause of Lymphadenopathy and Rash

A 38-year-old Chinese man who was previously well, presented with one month of fever and a non-pruritic rash involving the face, trunk and upper...

Bone Marrow Cytogenetics Workup: Application of Lean Management System to Determine if Additional Cell Workup is Helpful and Necessary to Analysis

Cytogenetic studies are important to the diagnosis and monitoring of various haematopoietic disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic...

A Case of Congenital Haemolytic Anaemia and Thrombocytopenia

A 20-month-old boy came from Bangladesh to Singapore for medical consultation. He presented with progressive pallor, easy bruising, intermittent dark-coloured urine, and failure to...

Acceptability of Medical Students by Patients from Private and Public Family Practices and Specialist Outpatient Clinics

In recent decades, medical advances and economic pressures have shifted medical student training from hospital inpatient to ambulatory settings such as hospital outpatient and...

Prospective Audit of Febrile Neutropenia Management at a Tertiary University Hospital in Singapore

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is considered a medical emergency and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Oncology and Haematology units worldwide. A...

Socio-demographic Profile and Psychiatric Comorbidity of Subjects with Pathological Gambling

Gambling has been defined as a wager of any type of item or possession of value upon a game or event of uncertain outcome...

Immunophenotypic, Cytogenetic and Clinical Features of 113 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Patients in China

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease with abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoblasts within the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood and...

Non-haem Iron-mediated Oxidative Stress in Haemoglobin E Beta-thalassaemia

Thalassaemia is a genetic haemoglobinopathy in which the production of normal haemoglobin is partly or completely suppressed because of a defective synthesis of 1...

Thrombocytopenia and its Related Factors: A Hospital-based, Cross-sectional Study

Thrombocytopenia is a common clinical problem found in laboratory results during health examinations. Blood platelets play an essential role in haemostasis, thrombosis and coagulation...

Supplementary Breast Ultrasound Screening in Asian Women with Negative But Dense Mammograms—A Pilot Study

Mammogram has been the gold standard for breast cancer screening and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been advocated for screening of high- risk individuals....

Male Breast Cancer in Singapore: 15 Years of Experience at a Single Tertiary Institution

Male breast cancer is a rare disease entity, traditionally said to represent <1% of all diagnosed breast cancers. Recent statistics, however, suggest that its...

Immunophenotypic, Cytogenetic and Clinical Features in Chinese Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) Patients

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a malignant disease resulting from the accumulation of genetic alterations of B or T lymphoid precursor cells. Immunophenotyping, cytogenetic-molecular...

Medical management of PAD: Expand or consolidate?

In this issue of the Annals, a rapid review of adherence to evidence-based medical treatment highlights an important and underappreciated aspect of the management...

Severe COVID-19 and coagulopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) span a wide clinical spectrum, from asymptomatic carriers to critical illness with a wide range of complications....

Accuracy of self-reported height, weight and BMI in a multiethnic Asian population

Overweight and obesity continue to be one of the most critical public health issues worldwide. Body mass index (BMI) derived from height and weight...

Estimating the impact of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exerted significant strain on healthcare worldwide. Mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is...

Carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient despite testing negative for HLA B*15:02 allele

Carbamazepine (CBZ) has been used in Singapore since 19881 as an effective drug for the treatment of conditions such as epilepsy, neuropathy, neuralgia and...

Endovenous cyanoacrylate ablation for chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins among Asians

In the past 2 decades, the management of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) has been revolutionised by the introduction of minimally invasive endovenous techniques, which...

Assessing the Content Validity of the EQ-5D Questionnaire Among Asians in Singapore: A Qualitative Study

EQ-5D is a tool to measure and value health status. It is a standardised questionnaire that comprises 2 components: a Descriptive System (DS) on...

Long-term outcomes of ischaemic stroke patients with diabetes in a multi-ethnic cohort in Singapore

Asia faces an epidemic of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes in Asia is projected to grow from 114 million in 2007 to 180 million...