Although deliberate hypotension during surgery may potentially cause organ ischaemia, in particular of the myocardium and cerebrum, it is widely used as an adjuvant...

Pyogenic granulomas are common benign fibrovascular growths of the oral cavity that are non-neoplastic in nature. They may also present as skin lesions. This article...

Mr Koh Yong Guan, guest-of-honour; Dr Tan Ser Kiat, Master, Academy of Medicine; Dr K C Tan, Chairman, Chapter of Surgeons; Dr Robert Jalleh...

Tooth avulsion, frequently of the maxillary central incisors, occurs most often in children from 7 to 9 years of age, when the periodontium surrounding...

Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally invasive tumour that affects the jaws. Although it is commonly regarded as a homogeneous group of tumours, detailed...

Schimmelpenning syndrome (SS) is characterised by specific skin manifestations, skeletal defects, and central nervous system abnormalities, such as mental deficiency and seizures. Happle has...

Secondary alveolar bone grafting, which was pioneered in Europe, was reported in the German literature at the beginning of this century. However, it was...

The current explosion of molecular biology encompassing genetics, morphogenesis, teratogenesis and pharmacogenomics for targeted drug therapy is about to have a profound impact upon...

Most of the mucocutaneous diseases are confined to the stratified squamous epithelia and thus may involve oral, genital and other mucosae and skin. Most...

Form follows function and adaptation to physiologic demands dictates skeletal form. In the oro-facial region, tooth loss leads to atrophy of the alveolar arches...

Cranial bone defects can be a result of trauma, congenital defects, infection or iatrogenically induced by surgery. Even for patients with sufficient hair to...

There are a variety of pathological conditions that present in the oral cavity. While clinical and radiographic examination will suggest a provisional diagnosis, histological...

Multiple segment osteotomy (MSO) orthognathic surgery serves to combine total or segmental maxillary and mandibular correction of dentofacial deformities with concurrent diastematic procedures to...

Craniofacial development is a complex multidimensional process that depends in large part on growth in the cranial base at several growth centres posteriorly and...

Cleft palate morphology and palatal dimensional changes due to growth and treatment have been analysed by numerous quantitative techniques. Many of these methods, however,...

Distraction osteogenesis is rapidly becoming a mainstream treatment modality for the early management of the patient with mandibular hypoplasia. Following early clinical experience with...

Apart from the nasal bone, the mandible is the most commonly fractured bone in the face. It is also the 10th most often broken...

The process of delivery of health care is complex and includes aspects which concern the clinician, the patient and the treatment process itself. Training...

Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus that can cause infection in immunocompromised hosts. Reports on infection with this organism were initially uncommon, but after...

The mandible is a unique bone in the human skeleton and occupies a prominent position in the craniofacial region. Traumatic injury to the face,...

The spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease has pursued a relentless course since it was first recognised in the early 1980s and if...

In the last decades, the exponential growth in the sophistication of the medical/dental knowledge and technologies has made the current dental curriculum more cramped...

Since the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic in the mid-1980s, the number of HIV-infected cases has risen sharply throughout the world....

Physical inactivity has been identified as a major cause of morbidity and mortality secondary to cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. It contributes to...

Cleidocranial dysplasia is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by short stature, brachycephaly, delayed closure of the fontanelles and sutures, Wormian bones, midface hypoplasia,...

A 19-year-old Indian male with a past history of “Ludwig’s angina” was seen at the Accident and Emergency Department of National University Hospital complaining...

The floor of the mouth takes form as early as in the fourth week of gestation with the downward growth and subsequent degeneration of...

A 6-year-old Chinese boy presented at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinic with gingival bleeding due to poor oral hygiene, odontogenic pain due to...

Autoimmune blistering conditions are an uncommon cause of chronic ulceration of the oral mucosa. Nevertheless, it is important to diagnose these conditions early and...

Ameloblastoma is a true neoplasm of enamel organ type tissue which does not undergo differentiation to the point of enamel organ. This type of...

Six patients with unusual presentations of head and neck disease were presented for diagnosis by discussants at the conference. Images were accompanied by brief...

The Internet is a global network of networks that connect computers all over the world, so that anyone from any point in the network...

Bisphosphonates are commonly prescribed for the treatment (and prevention) of postmenopausal and corticosteroid induced osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, hypercalcemia associated with malignancy and osteolysis (and...

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common condition of the oral mucosa of unknown aetiology. Several predisposing factors have been suggested including haematinic deficiencies,...

Betel quid/areca nut use has been common in South and Southeast Asia and the Asia Pacific region for a long time and is common...

The primary function of the immune system of the mouth is to protect the teeth, jaws, gingivae and the rest of the oral mucosa...

As the histopathological diagnosis of any lymphoma still largely hinges upon the demonstration of lymphoid architectural abnormality, the pathologist must first be cognizant of...

Cutaneous melanocytic lesions are amongst the commonest tumours in all races but are more common in Caucasians with fair skin. Although most are benign...

The practice of Dentistry in Singapore has advanced rapidly, with the development and recognition of several specialty practices, coupled with the support of established...

Deformity refers to distortion of any part of the body. The term dentofacial is related to the dental arches and their effects on facial...

The ethical theories employed in healthcare today generally assume a modern Western philosophical framework, which is applied to many issues such as abortion, euthanasia,...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common and growing global health problem. It is highly prevalent in Asian communities. Hong Kong, Pakistan, and Singapore are...

During the growth and development of a person, the facial structures are primarily dependent on the genetic makeup and secondarily on the environmental factors....

The mandibular advancement device (MAD) consists of upper and lower splints attached to the teeth and postures the mandible forward. The rationale for use...

Childhood ingestion and poisoning is an important problem in many countries,1-8 and accounts for a significant workload for emergency department consultations and hospital admissions.9,10...

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterised by a clustering of metabolic risk factors and an insulin-resistant state.1 Its prevalence is high in Western, as...

The idea of having an Academy of Medicine in Singapore was first proposed by some 20 medical specialists on 19 July 1957 and was...

The subject of place of death was brought to the forefront of the medical community in July 2004 when 2 important publications were released;...

The International AIDS Conference (IAC) and the Singapore AIDS Conference (SAC) are biannual meetings held on even years. Both these meetings are occasions for...

Leptin, a protein hormone product of the obesity (ob) gene, is synthesised and secreted mainly by white adipose tissue. This hormone has been initially...

Osteomas are benign, slow-growing tumours of the bone which may be classified as solitary or multiple. Multiple osteomas are mainly associated with Gardner’s syndrome...

Dried blood spot (DBS) or dried plasma spot (DPS) collection offers to be a promising alternative to whole blood or plasma sampling, as it...

Pregnancy, whether actual or anticipated, has been a critical driver for the diagnosis, treatment and care of women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Unlike...

Singapore is a country of high income with a low level human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, the yearly incidence of disease currently standing at...

The advent of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era has greatly reduced the mortality and incidence of new diagnoses of acquired immune deficiency...

Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death and is the fourth most common risk factor for disease. Nearly 6 million deaths occur worldwide...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global public health issue. It is estimated that there are 37.9 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) today....

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and was first reported to the World Health Organization...