Dear Editor, Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis, usually affecting middle-aged to older adults. It is a multisystemic disease with protean clinical manifestations....

The management of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with small aortic annulus (SAA) represents a therapeutic challenge due to the increased mortality and...

Dear Editor, Thrombosis is an unexpected complication of COVID-19 initially reported in 3 patients from China.1 These patients tested positive for immunoglobulin (Ig) A anticardiolipin...

Dear Editor, Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterised by the debilitating atherosclerotic occlusion of arteries in the lower extremities, with chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI)...

Public healthcare institutions (PHIs) in Singapore have a range of policies and guidelines for the management of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED)...

Dear Editor, Haemoglobin H (HbH) disease is a haemoglobinopathy affecting 3 of 4 α-globin genes on chromosome 16. It results from the deletion of 2...

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a neutrophilic dermatosis primarily affecting the eccrine glands and occurs most commonly in patients undergoing chemotherapy for a malignancy. This...

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immunoregulatory disorder in which antibodies damage platelets leading to their removal by cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES)....

In the last two decades there has been a surge of interest concerning the psychosocial correlates of life-threatening illnesses. Research in this area has...

Our patient was a 71-year-old Chinese man who presented with a 6-year history of recurrent papular erythematous eruptions to the dermatologist. This article is available...

Thoracoscopy was first introduced by Jacobaeus nearly a century ago. With the development of endoscopic equipment and the recent surge of interest in minimally...

First-generation fibrinolytic agents (streptokinase and urokinase) are effective thrombolytic drugs, but are not fibrin specific as they also have the property to convert circulating...

The tremendous interest in finding new anti-aggregating agents stems from the preeminent role that platelets play, not only in haemostasis and thrombosis, but also...

In 1993, Dahlback and colleagues described a new hereditary thrombophilia state-activated protein C resistance (AK-R). Further studies showed this to be the commonest genetic...

The decision whether to amputate or to attempt a limb salvage procedure in a mangled extremity is a difficult one. Numerous protocols have been...

The mandible is a unique bone in the human skeleton and occupies a prominent position in the craniofacial region. Traumatic injury to the face,...

Pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus is a rare and lethal variant of invasive aspergillosis. It has been reported in a few series of immunocompromised...

A number of specific chromosome abnormalities are associated with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The commonest in adults with B lineage ALL is the Philadelphia...

Patients with mechanical heart-valve prosthesis receive lifelong anticoagulation. The management of these patients taking oral anticoagulants is aimed at achieving and maintaining adequate levels...

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)-M3 under the French-American-British (FAB) classification, is characterised by the following: a distinct expansion of promyelocytes...

Clinical flow cytometry provides a precise technology for the multiparameter analysis of the morphological (scatter) and immunofluorescence properties of stained leukocyte populations, as well...

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), the postphlebitic syndrome and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) are important and often preventable causes of early morbidity...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disorder in which malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and produce an immunoglobulin, usually monoclonal IgG or...

Injury to blood vessels triggers haemostasis, a process that has evolved to achieve two superficially incompatible outcomes: arresting blood loss while protecting vessel patency...

Worldwide, in the past decade, the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increased tremendously in the management of musculoskeletal trauma. Not least is...

Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a rare myeloproliferative disease which manifests with an elevated platelet count. It presents predominantly in the middle-aged population, occurring slightly...

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder in which platelets are sensitised with an antiplatelet autoantibody and then destroyed by the reticuloendothelial system.1...

A clear understanding of thrombophilia is becoming increasingly important in the practice of high-risk obstetrics. In addition to their role in thromboembolic disease, there...

Malignancy complicates the course of about 1 in 1000 pregnancies and is the second leading cause of death in women of reproductive age. The...

Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) is the most common autoimmune haematological disorder in pregnancy. The pathophysiology of the disease is peripheral destruction of platelets mediated...

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and its acute complication–pulmonary embolism (PE), is one of the most important preventable causes of death in hospital patients. It...

Development of inhibitors against factor VIII is one of the main complications in the treatment of haemophiliacs. Inhibitors block the procoagulant effects of factor...

Oral anticoagulation therapy is used for a number of conditions, namely deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, mechanical heart valves, embolic stroke as well as...

Trauma represents a leading cause of death globally, and post-traumatic haemorrhage accounts for 40% of early mortality in spite of recent improvements in modern...

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of acquired clonal haemopoietic stem cell disorders characterised by ineffective haematopoiesis and peripheral cytopenia. The natural history...

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is now a well-established therapeutic modality for a broadening spectrum of medical problems. Umbilical cord blood (CB) has emerged...

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established form of treatment for many high-risk haematological malignancies and marrow failure syndromes. The use of...

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become an established modality for the treatment of cancer and diseases of the bone marrow and immunological system....

In recent years, the term “haematopoeitic stem cell transplantation” has replaced “bone marrow transplantation”. It is more precise and emphasises the “haematopoeitic stem cell”...

Patients who talk after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and then subsequently deteriorate into a coma are defined as those with an initial Glasgow Coma...

Porphyrias are a rare and intriguing group of metabolic disorders. We report a case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria, one of the infrequent forms of...

Singapore has a resident population of 3.26 million and 0.53 million foreign workers. Of these half a million foreigners, 450,000 are work permit holders,...

Calcinosis cutis is characterised by the aberrant deposition of calcium salts in the skin. In metastatic calcinosis cutis, calcium salts are precipitated in normal...

A healthy 4-year-old Chinese girl was admitted to the hospital after a fall from a one-metre-high chair. She sustained a minor head injury to...

Cancer patients who become severely neutropenic as a result of intensive myelosuppressive chemotherapy are at high risk for developing life-threatening infections, and unless they...

Rising rates of antibiotic resistance prompted a review of antibiotic use policies hospitalwide. The Department of Haematology established a new set of consensus guidelines...

A 38-year-old Chinese man who was previously well, presented with one month of fever and a non-pruritic rash involving the face, trunk and upper...

Workplace related accidents are major problems around the world and in Singapore. The Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States reported a total of 5702...

Cytogenetic studies are important to the diagnosis and monitoring of various haematopoietic disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic...

A 20-month-old boy came from Bangladesh to Singapore for medical consultation. He presented with progressive pallor, easy bruising, intermittent dark-coloured urine, and failure to...

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is considered a medical emergency and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Oncology and Haematology units worldwide. A...

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease with abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoblasts within the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood and...

Thalassaemia is a genetic haemoglobinopathy in which the production of normal haemoglobin is partly or completely suppressed because of a defective synthesis of 1...

Thrombocytopenia is a common clinical problem found in laboratory results during health examinations. Blood platelets play an essential role in haemostasis, thrombosis and coagulation...

In this issue of the Annals, a rapid review of adherence to evidence-based medical treatment highlights an important and underappreciated aspect of the management...

Manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) span a wide clinical spectrum, from asymptomatic carriers to critical illness with a wide range of complications....

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exerted significant strain on healthcare worldwide. Mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is...