Letter to the Editor
Erdheim-Chester disease: Imaging spectrum of multisystemic manifestations
Dear Editor,
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis, usually affecting middle-aged to older adults. It is a multisystemic disease with protean clinical manifestations....
Commentary
Low-dose computerised tomography screening for lung cancer in Singapore: Practical challenges of identifying participants
INTRODUCTION
In March 2022, the European Commission on cancer screening suggested the inclusion of low-dose computerised tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer, targeted at current...
Images in Medicine
TB or not TB? The axillary lump question
An 81-year-old woman of healthy weight presented with a 2-week history of a painless right axillary lump. Physical examination revealed a 2cm firm nodule...
Letter to the Editor
Safe time interval for screening estimated glomerular filtration rate prior to gadolinium-enhanced MRI scan
Dear Editor,
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast media are commonly used in medical imaging and are usually gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). They can be divided...
Letter to the Editor
Optimum follow-up period of arthroscopic and mini-open rotator cuff repairs
Dear Editor,
Rotator cuff disorders are the most common cause of disability related to the shoulder,1 and rotator cuff repairs—via mini-open or arthroscopic techniques—are...
Commentary
The Lancet Commission on diagnostics: What it means for Singapore
Effective healthcare systems depend on a functioning healthcare value chain—defined as a care cascade comprising screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. The tremendous heterogeneity and...
Original Article
Reduction in Retake Rates and Radiation Dosage Through Computed Radiography
New computed radiography imaging systems are slowly gaining a foothold in radiological departments worldwide. By computed radiography we mean a digital imaging system which...
Original Article
Computed Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Paranasal Sinus Involvement in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive infiltrative neoplasm. Spread into the paranasal sinuses is often seen but the frequency is documented in only a...
Original Article
Anthropometry of Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Singaporean Chinese
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a technically precise and demanding operation. Attention to factors such as the tunnel position, graft selection, fixation and...
Original Article
Surgical Results of Open Reduction and Plating of Humeral Shaft Fractures
Management of humeral shaft fractures has been the subject of controversy (Böhler, Ekkernkamp and Muhr, Nast-Kolb and Schweiberer). The problem of non-union, wound infection...
Original Article
Operative Treatment of Displaced Talar Neck Fractures
Talus is a weight bearing bone with peculiar anatomy and blood supply. It forms the ankle joint with the medial and lateral malleoli, subtalar...
Others
Book Review
This book is a collection of 30 case studies, which were published in the Singapore Medical Journal from 1994 to 1997. They include interesting...
Others
A Case Report of Atasoy Antenna Procedure
The hook nail deformity is a relatively common problem after fingertip amputations. It is usually ignored but can be quite disabling.
This article is available...
Original Article
Bone Mineral Density—Correlation between Quantitative Ultrasound Characteristics and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Osteoporosis is well documented to be a significant determinant of the risk of fracture and its assessment in vivo has been based on various...
Review Article
A Review of the Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome and Rotator Cuff Tendon Tears
In the evaluation of chronic shoulder pain and dysfunction clinically suspected to be due to shoulder impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tendon tears, magnetic...
Original Article
Double Level Fractures of the Femur Treated with Closed Intramedullary Nailing
Closed locked intramedullary nailing of the femur has become the accepted means of treating fractures of the femur. The use of locking nails has...
Original Article
Portable Chest Radiography: Comparison of High-resolution Digital Displays with Laser Printed Digital Film
In most institutions, about 10% to 25% of imaging examinations are recorded digitally (e.g. digital subtraction angiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound)....
Original Article
Percutaneous Needle Aspiration in the Treatment of Hepatic Abscess: Factors Influencing Patients’ Outcome
Liver abscess traditionally has been treated by open surgical drainage, mortality rates being as high as 80% to 100% if left untreated. However, with...
Original Article
Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Internal Auditory Canals and Posterior Fossa
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now the gold-standard examination for the exclusion of acoustic schwannomas or other posterior fossa tumours. We retrospectively reviewed...
Review Article
Imaging of Thoracic Manifestations of Scleroderma
Systemic sclerosis (SScl) is a generalised disease of the connective tissue characterised by fibrosis and vascular changes affecting the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys,...
Review Article
Overview of Imaging in Rheumatologic Diseases
Since the discovery of X-rays over a century ago, radiology has played a pivotal role in rheumatology and diseases of the joints. The innovations...
Others
Osteoid Osteoma after a Stress Fracture of the Tibia: A Case Report
A 24-year-old man complained of left leg pain following 3 months of infantry training 6 years ago. There was no previous complaint of pain...
Others
Reconstruction of a Supinated Hypoplastic Thumb with Combined Huber Transfer and Derotation Osteotomy: A Case Report
A 6-year-old Chinese girl presented with a deformity of the left thumb since birth. Her father has a similar deformity.
This article is available only...
Original Article
Transscaphoid Perilunate Fracture/Dislocations—Results of Surgical Treatment
Transscaphoid perilunate fracture/dislocations are relatively uncommon injuries of the wrist, constituting about 3% of all carpal injuries. However, it accounts for more than half...
Others
Extraarticular Villonodular Synovitis of the Tendoachilles: A Case Report
Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a progressive synovial lesion of uncertain aetiology associated with synovial-lined tissues of the joints, tendon sheaths and bursae. The incidence...
Others
Embolisation of a Leaking Pseudoaneurysm of the Main Artery Supplying a Replanted Arm: A Case Report
Pseudoaneurysms are conventionally treated by surgery. In recent years, non-surgical methods are being considered, including embolisation with wires, coils or gelfoam and anticoagulation.
This article...
Original Article
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Metastases: Magnetisation Transfer or Triple Dose Gadolinium?
Accurate detection of brain metastases is an important part of tumour staging. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is well accepted as a sensitive tool in...
Original Article
Radiological Placement of 211 Central Venous Catheters: Outcome and Complications
Long-term central venous access is an important part of modern medical practice, especially in the haematology and oncology units. Central venous (CV) catheters are...
Others
Comparison of First Carpometacarpal Joint Arthrodesis with Contralateral Excision Arthroplasty in a Patient with Bilateral Saddle Joint Arthritis: A Case Report
The carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) of the thumb is commonly afflicted with degenerative arthritis. Of the patients seeking surgical treatment, post-menopausal women outnumber men by...
Others
9th Chapter of Surgeons’ Lecture: The Orthopaedic Surgeon: Historical Perspective, Ethical Considerations and the Future
The legacy of caring and humanitarianism has been the mission of the medical profession since the founding of Singapore by Sir Stamford Raffles in...
Original Article
A Study of Joint Mobility in a Normal Population
Joint mobility varies between individuals and factors such as age, sex, race and heredity influence the range of motion of a joint. Excessive mobility...
Original Article
Delayed Amputation in Lower Limb Trauma: An Analysis of Factors Leading to Delayed Amputation
The decision whether to amputate or to attempt a limb salvage procedure in a mangled extremity is a difficult one. Numerous protocols have been...
Commentary
Tissue Microangiography Using a Simplified Barium Sulphate Cadaver Injection Technique
The understanding of blood supply is the cornerstone of successful tissue transfer in reconstructive surgery. This understanding has been derived largely from cadaveric dissections,...
Original Article
Establishment of Animal Models Using Experimental Rats for Allogeneic Tissue Transplantation and Quantitative Flow Cytometric Detection of Immunochimera
Allogeneic tissue and organ transplantation has long been an important medical issue, as it provides an effective treatment alternative for a broad spectrum of...
Original Article
Radionuclide Studies of Articular Cartilage in the Early Diagnosis of Arthritis in the Rabbit
Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that involves destruction of articular cartilage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a sensitive imaging modality for the diagnosis...
Original Article
The Effect of Storage at -70°C and -150°C on the Torsion Properties of the Canine Femur
Allograft transplantation of bone has been established as a viable and useful reconstructive procedure when limb salvage is the option of choice. For bone...
Original Article
Use of Titanium Prosthesis to Bridge a Vertebral Gap in the Spine—A Preliminary Experimental Study
Bridging a vertebral gap in the spine is one of the commonest problems facing the spine surgeon after dealing with a tumour, infection or...
Original Article
The Results of Autogenous Tibial Periosteal Transplants for Full Thickness Cartilage Defects in the Knee Joints of Pigs
Articular cartilage injuries to the knee are commonly seen by team doctors, sports physicians and orthopaedic surgeons. Despite many clinical as well as experimental...
Others
Retroperitoneal Castleman’s Disease in the Perinephric Space—Imaging Appearance: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Castleman’s disease (CD) was first proposed by Castleman in 1954. It is usually found in the mediastinum, but other sites have been described.
This article...
Original Article
Evaluation of Technetium-99m Ciprofloxacin (Infecton) in the Imaging of Infection
Over the past 10 years we have used various radiopharmaceuticals (RPCs) for imaging of inflammation and infection. These include gallium-67 citrate and the technetium-99m...
Original Article
Use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Total Knee Arthroplasty—A Study of its Efficacy in an Asian Population
The role of thromboprophylaxis in total knee replacement (TKR) remains controversial. In several reports, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been significant.
This...
Original Article
Deep Vein Thrombosis after Total Knee Replacement
Western literature reports a very high incidence of deep vein thrombosis in its population especially after orthopaedic surgery. In total knee replacement without prophylaxis,...
Others
Management of Growth Arrest with Tissue-engineered Cells
Before I go on to the scientific aspects of my talk, I would like to pay tribute to Dr Yahya Cohen. Dr Cohen was...
Original Article
Surgical Results of Intercondylar Fractures of the Adult Femur
Fractures of the intercondylar region of the femur often resulted from high velocity accidents. This would lead to increased comminution and involvement of the...
Others
A Case Report of Total Finger Joint Replacement Arthroplasty After Traumatic Amputation
A 41-year-old Chinese man had his dominant thumb, index and middle fingers caught by a wood-cutting machine while at work. He sustained a near-amputation...
Others
Re: Rikhraj I S, Tan C T, Tan S K, Teoh S H, Hastings G W. Use of Titanium Prosthesis to Bridge a Vertebral Gap in the Spine–A Preliminary Experimental Study. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1999; 28:20-4
In a recent issue of the Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore the above-mentioned paper was published. Figures 6 and 7 of the paper plot...
Original Article
Biomechanical Study of C2 (Axis) Fracture: Effect of Restraint
In human, the occipito-atlanto-axial (C0-C1-C2) joint complex is an important region of the spine and often susceptible to impact injury in trauma. Traffic accidents...
Original Article
Results of Distal Radial Fractures Treated by Intra-focal Pin Fixation
Unstable fractures of the distal radius remain a challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. Unsatisfactory results are often associated with significant malunion.
This article is available only...
Review Article
An Introduction to Biodegradable Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications
The concept of tissue engineering arises from the need to develop an alternative method of treating patients suffering from tissue loss or organ failure....
Others
Galeazzi-Equivalent Fracture in Children Associated with Tendon Entrapment—Report of Two Cases
A 12-year-old boy fell whilst running. On examination, there was swelling and deformity of the wrist and there was local tenderness of the distal...
Original Article
The Posterior Cruciate Ligament: An Anthropometric Study in Asians and Evaluation of Safe Limits for Bony Tunnel Creation During Reconstruction
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) provides the main restraint to posterior translation of the tibia on the femur and is stronger than its anterior...
Original Article
Advances in Surgical Treatment of Osteoporotic Fractures of the Spine
Osteoporosis is an important cause of fractures in the elderly. In the USA alone, at least 1.3 million fractures are attributed to osteoporosis a...
Commentary
The Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010
With the ageing population, degeneration of joints and osteoporosis and the resultant disability pose big public health problems in many countries of the world....
Others
A Deceptive Cervical Lymph Node: A Solitary Spinal Osteochondroma
Osteochondromas are cartilage-capped bony exostoses that arise mainly from the metaphyses of long bones from a lateral displacement of the epiphyseal growth cartilage, but...
Original Article
Limited Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and the Occult Hip Fracture
Worldwide, in the past decade, the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increased tremendously in the management of musculoskeletal trauma. Not least is...
Original Article
Extremity Osteosarcoma—A Southeast Asian Experience
Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant bone cancer occurring primarily in young patients. Although rare, it is still the commonest primary bone cancer seen in...
Review Article
Towards a Splint-free Repair for Flexor Tendon Injuries
The most problematic area in flexor tendon injuries is zone two. This zone is prone to injury as it is in the grasping part...
Review Article
Biomechanics of the Shoulder
The shoulder is a complex of 5 articulating surfaces that together form the shoulder girdle. The glenohumeral joint together with the scapulothoracic articulation form...
Review Article
Instrumentation in Spinal Surgery
Spinal instrumentation is defined as the use of mechanical devices that enhance or restore the segmental stability of the spine. Internal fixation of the...
Review Article
The Growth and Development of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine in Singapore
Orthopaedic sports medicine in Singapore took form as a subspecialty of orthopaedic surgery over a number of years. Several individuals contributed to it being...
Review Article
Paediatric Orthopaedics in Singapore
The name “Orthopaedic Surgery” is derived from the words “orthos” (meaning straight or to straighten) and “paido” (meaning child). Thus, it is not unexpected...
Others
Addresses at the 50th Anniversary Celebration of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore on 5 April 2002
Over 200 guests were gathered at the Fullerton Hotel Ballroom on the 5th of April 2002 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Department...
Others
History of the Singapore Orthopaedic Association
The University of Malaya in Singapore was established in 1949. With this, the King Edward VII College of Medicine became the Faculty of Medicine,...
Others
History of the Orthopaedic Specialty in Singapore
When the practice of orthopaedic surgery first began in Singapore, it was not a specialty in itself. There are no records as to when...
Editorial
50th Anniversary Celebrations—Golden ……. but all is not gold
On an occasion such as this—the 50th anniversary of the inauguration of orthopaedic surgery as a specialty service in Singapore—acclaim, commendations, praise and endorsement...
Original Article
Technetium-99m Methoxyisobutylisonitrile Imaging in the Follow-up of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is not an uncommon tumour in Thailand.1 A high percentage of 10-year survival results in long-term follow-up. I-131 total-body scan...
Others
A Case Report of Neurologically Unstable Fracture of the Lumbosacral Spine in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with progressive ossification of the spinal ligaments and ankylosing of the facet joints leading to a totally stiff spine. It...
Others
Embolisation of a Renal Artery Pseudoaneurysm in a Patient with Renal Malrotation and Chronic Aortic Dissection
A 40-year-old Chinese male presented with severe right loin pain. He had a history of chronic abdominal aortic dissection of unknown aetiology. He was...
Original Article
Single Centre Review of Radiologically-guided Percutaneous Nephrostomies: A Report of 273 Procedures
Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is a well-established technique in the armamentarium of an interventional radiologist when dealing with urinary obstruction. It provides temporary relief in...
Original Article
To Establish the Normal Bone Mineral Density Reference Database for the Singapore Male
Bone mineral densitometry was developed as a means to quantify the bone mineral content of the skeleton accurately and has been used in the...
Original Article
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in the Management of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: Initial Experience
With the general increase in life expectancy in the local population, the incidence of osteoporosis is anticipated to rise as well. Even with screening...
Original Article
Differentiation of Malignant Vertebral Collapse from Osteoporotic and Other Benign Causes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
An elderly patient presenting with backache and vertebral collapse on plain X-ray is a common clinical scenario and a diagnostic challenge. It is difficult...
Original Article
Osteoporotic Hip Fractures in Singapore—Costs and Patient’s Outcome
Singapore is facing a rapidly ageing population. Osteoporosis, which is an age-related illness, will become an increasing problem. Osteoporotic hip fracture, because of the...
Original Article
Outcomes of Acute Arthroscopic Repair and Conservative Treatment Following First Traumatic Dislocation of the Shoulder Joint in Young Patients
Traumatic dislocation of the shoulder is a serious problem especially in active and young patients. Shoulder instability and recurrent dislocation hinder patient activities.
This article...
Letter to the Editor
Letter to the Editor
We would like to draw the attention of your readers to the comments made in the editorial of the recent Imaging issue of your...
Others
From Genesis to Genes
I would like to thank the Singapore Orthopaedic Association (SOA) for inviting me to deliver this year’s SOA lecture. When your President, Dr AK...
Others
Imaging-guided Bone Biopsy
Biopsy may be performed at surgery (open biopsy) or percutaneously (closed biopsy). Percutaneous bone biopsies are usually performed under imaging guidance using a variety...
Others
Carcinoma of the Cervix: Role of MR Imaging
In females with cancer, cervical carcinoma is second to breast cancer in both incidence and mortality worldwide. About 465,000 new cases are diagnosed each...
Others
Intracerebral Schwannoma—A Rare Cause of Epilepsy
Schwannomas are extra-axial neoplasms derived from the nerve sheath of peripheral or cranial nerves. They represent approximately 8% of all intracranial tumours, arising predominantly...
Others
Radiographic Features of a Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome with Fatal Outcome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an atypical pneumonia that was first reported in early 2003. Reports of outbreaks of cases rapidly appeared in...
Others
Clinical Applications of MR Cholangiopancreatography
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has attracted a lot of interest from clinicians because it is a non-invasive method of obtaining a cholangiographic image without...
Others
Imaging of Paediatric Mediastinal Masses
A review of mediastinal masses in children, emphasising imaging features, is important for several reasons. Firstly, the mediastinum is the most common location for...
Review Article
Clinical Positron Emission Tomography Imaging—Current Applications
Like other radionuclide techniques, positron emission tomography (PET) is based on the tracer principle – a small amount of labelled ligand is used to...
Review Article
MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy of Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
Prostate cancer is usually suspected due to an abnormal digital rectal examination, elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level or both. The diagnosis of...
Review Article
Imaging of Congenital Middle Ear Deafness
When a child or young adult with morphologically normal external ears and no previous history of ear discharge or trauma presents with conductive hearing...
Review Article
MR Imaging of the Fetal Brain and Spine: A Maturing Technology
The introduction of a new diagnostic test into a clinical arena goes through a number of stages. The first stage is technical development.
This article...
Review Article
Imaging of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
The pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a global healthcare problem and HIV infection is the most common cause of...
Review Article
The Singapore National Breast Screening Programme: Principles and Implementation
In January 2002, the first population-based national mammographic breast screening programme in Asia, the Singapore National Breast Screening Programme (BreastScreen Singapore), was launched. The...
Original Article
Brachiocephalic-Superior Vena Cava Metallic Stenting in Malignant Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
A large majority of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is caused by malignancy (74% to 95%). This can either be due to direct SVC...
Original Article
Pilot Study Using Technetium-99m Pertechnetate Sequential Radionuclide-Sialography to Assess Salivary Gland Function in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients on Radiation Therapy
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy occurring worldwide with particularly high frequencies in the Far East. The incidence is highest in Hong Kong...
Original Article
Breath-hold Fast Recovery Fast Spin Echo versus Conventional Non-Breath-hold Fast Spin Echo T2-Weighted MR Imaging of Focal Liver Lesions
T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an important sequence for characterisation of focal liver lesion. Accurate characterisation of benign lesions, such as haemangioma or...
Original Article
Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in Intracranial Infections
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DWMRI) is becoming essential to the assessment of acute cerebral infarction and has also been applied to distinguish cerebral...
Original Article
Preoperative High Resolution CT and MR Imaging in Cochlear Implantation
Candidates for cochlear implantation undergo a thorough audiological and medical assessment. The audiological assessment is done to ensure that these candidates who have bilateral...
Original Article
Non-consensual Double Reading in the Singapore Breast Screening Project: Benefits and Limitations
Double reading of mammogram is not the standard practice in the United Kingdom National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP). Rather, single reading of...
Original Article
Breast Cancer in Women Under 40 Years: Preoperative Detection by Mammography
The incidence of breast cancer peaks between the ages of 45 and 55 years. Approximately 7% of breast cancers occur below 40 years of...
Editorial
The Past Decade of Diagnostic Radiology in Singapore: How Much Progress Have We Really Made?
It has been 10 years since the first ever issue of Annals dedicated to “Radiology” was published in Volume 22 No. 5 September 1993....
Others
Book Review
A lot of young orthopaedic surgeons embark on research projects with little guidance. This book is especially directed towards young investigators in the Southeast...
Others
Significance of the Lateral Epiphysis of the Acetabulum to Hip Joint Stability
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) remains one of the most difficult disorders to understand and treat in Paediatric Orthopaedics. The aetiology have not...
Review Article
Colorectal Hepatic Metastases: Role of Radiofrequency Ablation
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Singapore, accounting for 15.9% of all cancers registered with the Singapore Cancer Registry in the...
Original Article
Computed Tomographic Appearance of Colorectal Hepatic Metastases
It is important to recognise the computed tomography (CT) appearance of hepatic metastases from colorectal primaries, as resection in a selected group may offer...
Review Article
Current Status in Imaging of Colorectal Liver Metastases
Colorectal cancer is a common primary that metastasizes to the liver. About 20% of patients with colorectal cancer will have detectable metastases at the...
Others
Routine Abdominal and Pelvic Ultrasound Examinations: An Audit Comparing Radiographers and Radiologists
Since its introduction into clinical practice in the early 1970s, ultrasound (US) has become firmly established as an extremely valuable imaging modality and widely...
Original Article
Clinical Utility of Selective Intra-arterial Calcium-stimulated Hepatic Venous Sampling in Regionalisation of Insulinomas—The Singapore Experience
Insulinomas are small tumours with dimensions that seldom exceed 2.0 cm in diameter. Preoperative non-invasive localisation using trans-abdominal ultrasound and conventional computed tomography (CT)...
Others
Reflections of a Septuagenarian – Radiology: Past, Present and Future
Before I commence, I would like to thank the Singapore Radiological Society and the Chapter of Radiologists of the Academy of Medicine for inviting...
Others
Imaging Findings in Acute Neck Infection due to Pyriform Sinus Fistula
Pyriform sinus fistula is a developmental abnormality of the 3rd or 4th branchial pouch. It usually presents in childhood as acute inflammatory swelling of...
Original Article
Audit of Diagnostic and Interventional Craniocervical Catheter Angiographic Procedures at the Singapore General Hospital
Catheter angiography has long been considered the diagnostic standard by which the accuracy of other vascular imaging modalities are compared, given its superior contrast...
Original Article
Breast Ultrasound in Women With Familial Risk of Breast Cancer
Mammography is the modality of choice to screen for breast cancer in asymptomatic women. However, it is known that about 10% to 12% of...
Original Article
Condensing Osteitis of the Medial Clavicle – An Intermediate-term Follow-up
Condensing osteitis of the clavicle is an idiopathic condition affecting the medial end of the clavicle, and is characterised by sclerosis and expansion of...
Review Article
Coronary Artery Disease: Comprehensive Evaluation by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major health problem worldwide. With advances in CAD intervention and improvements in treatment and management of CAD, there...
Others
A Case of Right Loin Pain: Septic Ovarian Vein Thrombosis Due to Campylobacter fetus Bacteraemia
Septic ovarian venous thrombosis is an uncommon entity. Classically, it occurs as a postpartum complication with reported frequency of 1 in 600 to 2000...
Others
Plantar Dislocation of Lateral Tarsometatarsal Joint: A Case of Subtle Lisfranc Injury
Lisfranc fracture dislocations are uncommon injuries and the diagnosis may be easily missed. There are several variations and we present one such variant.
This article...
Others
Thoracic Myelopathy Secondary to Ligamentum Flavum Ossification
Acquired thoracic spinal canal stenosis is an uncommon condition compared to myelopathy and radiculopathy frequently seen in the cervical and lumbar spine, respectively. Because...
Original Article
Rising Trend of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Females in a Regional Hospital
Female athletes are at a greater risk for injuries involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) than their male counterparts in high schools and colleges...
Others
Profunda Femoris Artery Pseudoaneurysm Presenting with Triad of Thigh Swelling, Bleeding and Anaemia
Pseudoaneurysms of the profunda femoris artery have been reported following blunt and penetrating trauma to the thigh, and orthopaedic procedures of the proximal femur....
Original Article
Cancellous Screw Fixation for Femoral Neck Fractures: One Hundred and Sixteen Patients
The incidence of hip fractures rises with increasing age, doubling for each decade beyond 50 years of age. With the increase in life expectancy...
Original Article
Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Hip Fracture and Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinaemia in the Elderly
Western literature reports a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after hip surgery in the absence of prophylaxis. It is reported to be...
Original Article
Septic Arthritis after Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Arthroscopic-guided reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is now recognised as the preferred reconstructive option in restoring anterior knee joint stability. According to...
Original Article
Morbidity Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Autograft
Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) impairs the stability of the knee, resulting in difficulty with athletic performance, increased risk of subsequent meniscal...
Others
Clinical Indications for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scanning
The purpose of these guidelines is to provide a broad framework for clinicians considering the use of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for their...
Original Article
Semi-Quantitative Measurements of Normal Organs With Variable Metabolic Activity on FDG PET Imaging
Positron emission tomography (PET) has a proven clinical role in oncology, cardiology and neurology that primarily uses 2-deoxy-2--fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). FDG is an analogue of...
Review Article
Clinical Applications of Positron Emission Tomography in Cardiology: A Review
Ischaemic heart disease associated with depressed left ventricular function is a common clinical management dilemma. There is overwhelming evidence that such patients have a...
Review Article
The Role of FDG-PET in the Management of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Carcinoma of the lung is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women and is the second most common malignancy in...
Review Article
Clinical PET Imaging – An Asian Perspective
Positron emission tomography (PET) is distinct from other imaging modalities in its ability to probe the physiology and biochemistry of normal and abnormal tissues....
Review Article
PET Tracers and Radiochemistry
Positron emission tomography (PET) has become a powerful scientific and clinical tool for probing biochemical processes in the human body. This is due, in...
Review Article
Physical Principles and Technology of Clinical PET Imaging
The past few years have seen the transition of positron emission tomography (PET) from the research domain into mainstream clinical applications for oncology. The...
Editorial
Positron Emission Tomography – A Vital Component of Molecular Imaging
Contemporary medical imaging is progressing towards quantification of tissue function in addition to merely providing anatomical information, as illustrated by the rising use of...
Original Article
Use of D-dimer and Lower Extremity Doppler Ultrasound Results to Obviate the Need for Computerised Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography
The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) can be a challenging problem. It depends on clinical suspicion and the interpretation of a combination of clinical...
Original Article
Image-guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Malignancies: Experience at Singapore General Hospital
Radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the treatment of focal liver malignancies is a relatively new image-guided procedure that is gaining increasing acceptance in the radiologic...
Editorial
Building Collaboration in Cardiac Imaging
Publicity about new developments in medical technology is not at all unusual. But the degree with which multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) for coronary artery...
Others
3rd FY Khoo Memorial Lecture – Education, Professionalism, Outsourcing and the Future of Radiology
Radiology is undergoing unprecedented changes. Not only is the technology evolving rapidly, providing images of breathtaking anatomical clarity, but functional information has also become...
Review Article
Singapore National Medical Image Resource Centre (SN.MIRC): A World Wide Web Resource for Radiology Education
Radiological images are critical for diagnosis, teaching and research. In radiology education, learners must be exposed to large amounts of visual information, and assimilation...
Review Article
Teleradiology in Singapore – Taking Stock and Looking Ahead
Teleradiology is the electronic transmission of radiologic images from one location to another for the purposes of interpretation and/or consultation. The current interest in...
Original Article
Radiographic Features of SARS in Paediatric Patients: A Review of Cases in Singapore
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged atypical pneumonia caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). It is easily transmitted via droplet infection...
Others
Necrotising Fasciitis and Traditional Medical Therapy – A Dangerous Liaison
The first case was a 54-year-old lady, with a history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia, who presented with bilateral hand pain and stiffness...
Others
A Case of Cystic Schwannoma of the Lesser Sac
Schwannoma or neurilemmoma (NL) is a well-defined, usually benign, tumour arising from the nerve sheath (Schwann cell). It may present as a solitary mass...
Original Article
A Review of Clinical Pathway Data of 1663 Total Knee Arthroplasties in a Tertiary Institution in Singapore
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been established as an effective treatment modality for patients with symptomatic knee arthritis. It provides predictable decrement in pain,...
Letter to the Editor
Assessment of Medical Graduates Competencies
Medical professional proficiency comprises a set of skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary to efficiently accomplish the practice of medicine. The major aim of undergraduate...
Images in Medicine
“Bone Block” and Congenital Spine Deformity
A 14-year-old female who presented with a limited range of neck motion with various congenital vertebral anomalies that included improper segmentation or extensive “fusion”...
Original Article
Autologous Bone Marrow Plasma Injection after Arthroscopic Debridement for Elbow Tendinosis
Elbow tendinosis is a term used to describe a syndrome of pain involving the extensor or flexor tendon origin of the forearm musculature. It...
Letter to the Editor
Primary Hydatid Disease of the Humerus
Hydatid disease is a parasitic tapeworm infection caused by Echinococcus species. E.granulosus and E.alveolaris are the most common causes of hydatid disease in humans.
This...
Others
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Sports Injuries of the Knee
Sports-related knee injuries are common, with contact sports and sports involving twisting movements being the most frequent causes. Sports injuries may affect any of...
Original Article
Recurrent Patellar Dislocation: Reappraising our Approach to Surgery
Traumatic patellar dislocations affect mainly adolescents and young adults. Up to 44% of patients will develop recurrent dislocation.
This article is available only as a...
Original Article
Triple Endobuttton Technique in Acromioclavicular Joint Reduction and Reconstruction
Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation is a common injury often affecting young athletes. Cyclist, ice hockey players, weight lifters, rugby players and martial exponents are...
Original Article
Return to Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction – A Review of Patients with Minimum 5-year Follow-up
Complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture results in a mechanically unstable knee. ACL reconstruction is recommended in athletes to help restore knee stability for...
Original Article
Clinical Evaluation of Arthroscopic-assisted Allograft Meniscal Transplantation
The menisci of the knee are fibro-cartilaginous structures essential for the normal biomechanic of the knee joint. They play a critical role in shock...
Letter to the Editor
Renal Cell Carcinoma Bony Metastasis Treatment
Patellar metastases are extremely rare, ironically, primary tumours of the patella are more common than metastatic disease. A Medline search from 1960 to the...
Review Article
Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Osteochondral lesions of the talus are a known cause of chronic ankle pain. They are frequently found in the active population after ankle sprains.
This...
Original Article
Local Experience of Endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Prostate with Correlation to Radical Prostatectomy Specimens
Prostate cancer ranks among the top 10 cancers in Singapore. The incidence of prostate cancer has risen by 5% to 118% in most Asian...
Letter to the Editor
Medical Misadventure: Barium Extravasation in Colorectal Cancer
Double contrast barium enema (DCBE) is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure for colorectal cancer. It is often the next diagnostic test after incomplete...
Original Article
The Natural History and Prognosticative Factors of Adult Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas: An Asian Perspective
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are extremely rare tumours, making up about 1% of all malignancies. In Singapore, they accounted for 0.7% of all cancers...
Letter to the Editor
Durian Seed Masquerading as Gallstone Ileus on Computed Tomography
Bezoars and gallstones are unusual causes of small bowel obstruction, with well-described imaging features on CT. We present a case of intestinal obstruction caused...
Letter to the Editor
An Unexpected Outcome following Radial Head Excision for Jeffrey Type II Fracture-Dislocation of the Proximal Radius in a Child
We present a case of a 10-year-old child who sustained a traumatic fracture-dislocation of his proximal radius and subsequently underwent surgical removal of the...
Original Article
A Survey of Local Preclinical and Clinical Medical Students’ Attitudes towards Radiology
Radiology is not a popular specialty for undergraduate student electives or postgraduate training amongst students from a local undergraduate medical school which is based...
Letter to the Editor
Primary Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Lung Presenting as Left-sided Shoulder Pain
Primary angiosarcoma of the lung is a rare, often difficult to diagnose disorder with non-specific respiratory manifestations. Angiosarcoma involving the lung is usually a...
Original Article
Effect of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Biological Healing of Allografts in Critical-sized Tibial Defects Simulated in Adult Rabbits
Bridging of large bone defects is a challenging problem in orthopedic and reconstructive surgery. Options include vascularised bone autografts, non-vascularised bone autografts, allografts, bioceramics...
Letter to the Editor
Macronodular Tuberculosis: Imaging Resemblance of Cholangiocarcinoma
The ability of multiphasic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) studies in the diagnosis of liver tumours such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma...
Original Article
The Need for a System of Prognostication in Skeletal Metastasis to Decide Best End-of-life Care – A Call to Arms
Decisions regarding potential surgery for metastatic disease are influenced by estimates of patient survival. For example, patients with long life expectancy may be appropriately...
Original Article
Central Clot Score at Computed Tomography as a Predictor of 30-day Mortality after Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Multi-detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) pulmonary angiography is currently the method of choice for the detection of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), because of its convenience,...
Original Article
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is Expressed During Articular Cartilage Growth and Re-expressed in Osteoarthritis
Growth factors are polypeptides that direct cells to proliferate, differentiate, migrate or produce matrix. They exert their effects by interacting with specific receptors on...
Original Article
Effectiveness of Vacuum-assisted Closure (VAC) Therapy in the Healing of Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Diabetes mellitus is a common problem in Singapore, with an incidence of 8.2% in the local population aged between 18 and 69 in 2004....
Others
Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture Treated with Two Turndown Flaps and Flexor Hallucis Longus Augmentation – Two-year Clinical Outcome
Chronic Achilles tendon rupture is a disabling condition resulting in ankle pain, weakened ankle plantarflexion and abnormal gait. Management of chronic ruptures is technically...
Images in Medicine
Periarticular FDG Uptake on PET/CT in Malignant Melanoma—Metastatic or Misleading?
A 74-year-old male with newly diagnosed melanoma of the right mastoid region, underwent resection of the lesion followed by F-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron
emission tomography/computed...
Letter to the Editor
Lemierre’s Syndrome: An Unusual Cause of Calf Abscess
Dear Editor,
Lemierre’s syndrome is a rare disease caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacillus that is associated with oropharyngeal infections. We describe a...
Original Article
Electrocardiograph Changes, Troponin Levels and Cardiac Complications After Orthopaedic Surgery
Following orthopaedic surgery, approximately 5% of patients sustain cardiac complications which leads to increased morbidity and mortality. The mortality rate after hip fracture is...
Original Article
Unipolar versus Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly: Is There a Difference?
Hip hemiarthoplasties are commonly performed for displaced femoral neck fractures. The advantages of hemiarthroplasty over internal fixation include earlier mobility, less reoperations and better...
Letter to the Editor
Use of the Sole Flap to Convert an Above Knee Amputation to a Below Knee Amputation in Trauma
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) are performed for decompression of the spine when the primary compressive...
Letter to the Editor
Single-level Anterior Corpectomy with Fusion versus 2-level Anterior Cervical Decompression with Fusion: A Prospective Controlled Study with 2-year Follow-up Using Cages for Fusion
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) are performed for decompression of the spine when the primary compressive...
Letter to the Editor
Ultrasound-Guided Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy—The Way Forward
I read with great interest the recent article published in the Annals of Academy of Medicine Singapore entitled, ‘Surgeon-Performed Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology...
Original Article
Relationships between Prostatic Volume and Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion on Transabdominal Ultrasound and Benign Prostatic Obstruction in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the commonest diseases of ageing men. It can be associated with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)...
Original Article
Are Pregnant Women Adequately Equipped for Autonomy in Pregnancy Screening?
The concept of first trimester screening (FTS) to evaluate the risk of fetal aneuploidies was first introduced in 1997 by Orlandi et al. The...
Letter to the Editor
A Follow-up Longitudinal Survey on a Cohort of Undergraduate Medical Students’ Attitudes towards Radiology
As a follow-up to an earlier study comparing the attitudes of first year undergraduate medical students following the introduction of a new radiology curriculum...
Commentary
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: The emerging role of cardiac amyloid imaging
Transthyretin amyloidosis (or ATTR amyloidosis) is an under-recognised multisystemic disorder, arising from misfolding of transthyretin proteins into insoluble amyloid fibrils. As amyloid fibrils deposit...
Commentary
Optimum early orthopaedic surgery in COVID-19 patients
Multiple guidelines have been established regarding the management of COVID-19 patients. However, there remains a paucity regarding specific guidelines on the optimal timing for...