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AL amyloidosis: Singapore Myeloma Study Group consensus guidelines on diagnosis, treatment and management

Amyloidosis refers to disorders characterised by the deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils, which are pathogenic,1 resulting in organ dysfunction. Amyloidoses differ in the protein...

Clinical utility of PET/MRI in multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy characterised by abnormal accumulation of malignant plasma cells and is associated with anaemia, renal impairment, hypercalcemia and...

Improving management of AL amyloidosis

In this issue of the Annals, Tan et al. on behalf of Singapore Myeloma Study Group presented the consensus guidelines on light chain (AL)...

Incorporating assessment of fibrinogen gene polymorphisms and bleeding risk in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become entrenched as the dominant anticoagulant over the last decade for patients with venous thrombosis and atrial fibrillation.1 Compared...

Erdheim-Chester disease: Imaging spectrum of multisystemic manifestations

Dear Editor, Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis, usually affecting middle-aged to older adults. It is a multisystemic disease with protean clinical manifestations....

Impact of aortic annular size and valve type on haemodynamics and clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

The management of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with small aortic annulus (SAA) represents a therapeutic challenge due to the increased mortality and...

Antiphospholipid and other autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients: A Singapore series

Dear Editor, Thrombosis is an unexpected complication of COVID-19 initially reported in 3 patients from China.1 These patients tested positive for immunoglobulin (Ig) A anticardiolipin...

Safety and efficacy of combined antiplatelet and low-dose rivaroxaban in patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia in Singapore

Dear Editor, Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterised by the debilitating atherosclerotic occlusion of arteries in the lower extremities, with chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI)...

Haemoglobin H disease and outcomes in Singapore

Dear Editor, Haemoglobin H (HbH) disease is a haemoglobinopathy affecting 3 of 4 α-globin genes on chromosome 16. It results from the deletion of 2...

A Case Report of Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis in a Patient Receiving Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a neutrophilic dermatosis primarily affecting the eccrine glands and occurs most commonly in patients undergoing chemotherapy for a malignancy. This...

A Study of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Patients over a Ten-year Period

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immunoregulatory disorder in which antibodies damage platelets leading to their removal by cells of the reticuloendothelial system (RES)....

Childhood Leukaemia: Towards an Integrated Psychosocial Intervention Programme in Singapore

In the last two decades there has been a surge of interest concerning the psychosocial correlates of life-threatening illnesses. Research in this area has...

A Case Report of Adult T-Cell Leukaemia/Lymphoma (ATLL)

Our patient was a 71-year-old Chinese man who presented with a 6-year history of recurrent papular erythematous eruptions to the dermatologist. This article is available...

Newer Thrombolytic Agents

First-generation fibrinolytic agents (streptokinase and urokinase) are effective thrombolytic drugs, but are not fibrin specific as they also have the property to convert circulating...

8th Seah Cheng Siang Memorial Lecture: New Antithrombotic Agents

The tremendous interest in finding new anti-aggregating agents stems from the preeminent role that platelets play, not only in haemostasis and thrombosis, but also...

Activated Protein C Resistance: A Study Among 60 Thromboembolic Patients in the Singapore Population

In 1993, Dahlback and colleagues described a new hereditary thrombophilia state-activated protein C resistance (AK-R). Further studies showed this to be the commonest genetic...

Pseudomembranous Tracheobronchitis Caused by Aspergillus in a Patient after Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

Pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus is a rare and lethal variant of invasive aspergillosis. It has been reported in a few series of immunocompromised...

Deep Vein Thrombosis after Total Knee Replacement

Western literature reports a very high incidence of deep vein thrombosis in its population especially after orthopaedic surgery. In total knee replacement without prophylaxis,...

Philadelphia Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL): Clinico-Haematologic Characteristics, Molecular Analyses and 3-year Follow Up—A Single Institution Study

A number of specific chromosome abnormalities are associated with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The commonest in adults with B lineage ALL is the Philadelphia...

Thrombotic and Haemorrhagic Complications in Patients with Mechanical Heart Valve Prostheses Attending the Singapore General Hospital Anticoagulation Clinic

Patients with mechanical heart-valve prosthesis receive lifelong anticoagulation. The management of these patients taking oral anticoagulants is aimed at achieving and maintaining adequate levels...

Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Using a Combination of All-trans Retinoic Acid and Chemotherapy

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)-M3 under the French-American-British (FAB) classification, is characterised by the following: a distinct expansion of promyelocytes...

CD4 Lymphocyte Enumeration in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Using Three-Colour and Four-Colour Dual-Platform Flow Cytometry: An Inter-Laboratory Comparative Evaluation

Clinical flow cytometry provides a precise technology for the multiparameter analysis of the morphological (scatter) and immunofluorescence properties of stained leukocyte populations, as well...

High-dose Therapy followed by Autologous Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disorder in which malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and produce an immunoglobulin, usually monoclonal IgG or...

New Aspects of the Blood Coagulation Cascade, Anticoagulants and Vein Thrombosis in Asia

Injury to blood vessels triggers haemostasis, a process that has evolved to achieve two superficially incompatible outcomes: arresting blood loss while protecting vessel patency...

The Acute Presentation of Pulmonary Thromboembolism: A Retrospective Viewpoint

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) has historically been considered a rarity in the Asian population. Although well studied in the West, Asian literature on this condition...

Four Pregnancies in Two Patients with Essential Thrombocythaemia—A Case Report

Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a rare myeloproliferative disease which manifests with an elevated platelet count. It presents predominantly in the middle-aged population, occurring slightly...

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder in which platelets are sensitised with an antiplatelet autoantibody and then destroyed by the reticuloendothelial system.1...

Thrombophilia in Pregnancy

A clear understanding of thrombophilia is becoming increasingly important in the practice of high-risk obstetrics. In addition to their role in thromboembolic disease, there...

Management of Thromboembolic Disease in Pregnancy

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers specifically to 2 related entities: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. The management of arterial thrombo-embolism, in particular that...

Management of Haematologic Malignancies in Pregnancy

Malignancy complicates the course of about 1 in 1000 pregnancies and is the second leading cause of death in women of reproductive age. The...

Pregnancy in Women with Idiopathic Thrombocytopaenic Purpura

Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) is the most common autoimmune haematological disorder in pregnancy. The pathophysiology of the disease is peripheral destruction of platelets mediated...

Clinical Update on Deep Vein Thrombosis in Singapore

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and its acute complication–pulmonary embolism (PE), is one of the most important preventable causes of death in hospital patients. It...

Case Report on Recombinant Coagulation Factor VIIa in the Treatment of Three Haemophilia A Patients with Inhibitors in Singapore

Development of inhibitors against factor VIII is one of the main complications in the treatment of haemophiliacs. Inhibitors block the procoagulant effects of factor...

Evaluation on the Use of a Portable Unit Versus the Laboratory for the Monitoring of International Normalized Ratio (INR) in Orally Anticoagulated Patients

Oral anticoagulation therapy is used for a number of conditions, namely deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, mechanical heart valves, embolic stroke as well as...

Trauma-induced coagulopathy: Mechanisms and clinical management

Globally, trauma accounts for the highest number of mortalities in adolescents and young adults up to 49 years old.1 Of these deaths, a large...

Coagulopathy related to trauma: Is it time for a goal-directed approach?

Trauma represents a leading cause of death globally, and post-traumatic haemorrhage accounts for 40% of early mortality in spite of recent improvements in modern...

Clinico-pathological Analysis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes According to French-American-British Classification and International Prognostic Scoring System

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of acquired clonal haemopoietic stem cell disorders characterised by ineffective haematopoiesis and peripheral cytopenia. The natural history...

In vitro Biological Characteristics of Human Cord Blood-derived Megakaryocytes

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is now a well-established therapeutic modality for a broadening spectrum of medical problems. Umbilical cord blood (CB) has emerged...

Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Children and Adults

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established form of treatment for many high-risk haematological malignancies and marrow failure syndromes. The use of...

Haematopoietic Graft Engineering

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has become an established modality for the treatment of cancer and diseases of the bone marrow and immunological system....

Stem Cells: Current Usage and Future Potentials

In recent years, the term “haematopoeitic stem cell transplantation” has replaced “bone marrow transplantation”. It is more precise and emphasises the “haematopoeitic stem cell”...

A Rare Case of Porphyria

Porphyrias are a rare and intriguing group of metabolic disorders. We report a case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria, one of the infrequent forms of...

Extensive Calcinosis Cutis in Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Calcinosis cutis is characterised by the aberrant deposition of calcium salts in the skin. In metastatic calcinosis cutis, calcium salts are precipitated in normal...

Clinical Experience with Three Combination Regimens for the Treatment of High-risk Febrile Neutropenia

Cancer patients who become severely neutropenic as a result of intensive myelosuppressive chemotherapy are at high risk for developing life-threatening infections, and unless they...

Use of Antibiotics in a Haematology Ward – An Audit

Rising rates of antibiotic resistance prompted a review of antibiotic use policies hospitalwide. The Department of Haematology established a new set of consensus guidelines...

Thirty-day Mortality and Morbidity After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for patients with knee arthritis that is unresponsive to conservative treatment is being increasingly performed all over the world. It...

An Unusual Cause of Lymphadenopathy and Rash

A 38-year-old Chinese man who was previously well, presented with one month of fever and a non-pruritic rash involving the face, trunk and upper...

Venous Thromboembolism at the National Healthcare Group, Singapore

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially fatal disease which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). About 30% of patients with VTE...

Bone Marrow Cytogenetics Workup: Application of Lean Management System to Determine if Additional Cell Workup is Helpful and Necessary to Analysis

Cytogenetic studies are important to the diagnosis and monitoring of various haematopoietic disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic...

A Case of Congenital Haemolytic Anaemia and Thrombocytopenia

A 20-month-old boy came from Bangladesh to Singapore for medical consultation. He presented with progressive pallor, easy bruising, intermittent dark-coloured urine, and failure to...

Prospective Audit of Febrile Neutropenia Management at a Tertiary University Hospital in Singapore

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is considered a medical emergency and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Oncology and Haematology units worldwide. A...

Central Clot Score at Computed Tomography as a Predictor of 30-day Mortality after Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Multi-detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) pulmonary angiography is currently the method of choice for the detection of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), because of its convenience,...

Immunophenotypic, Cytogenetic and Clinical Features of 113 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Patients in China

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease with abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoblasts within the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood and...

Non-haem Iron-mediated Oxidative Stress in Haemoglobin E Beta-thalassaemia

Thalassaemia is a genetic haemoglobinopathy in which the production of normal haemoglobin is partly or completely suppressed because of a defective synthesis of 1...

Thrombocytopenia and its Related Factors: A Hospital-based, Cross-sectional Study

Thrombocytopenia is a common clinical problem found in laboratory results during health examinations. Blood platelets play an essential role in haemostasis, thrombosis and coagulation...

Medical management of PAD: Expand or consolidate?

In this issue of the Annals, a rapid review of adherence to evidence-based medical treatment highlights an important and underappreciated aspect of the management...

Severe COVID-19 and coagulopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) span a wide clinical spectrum, from asymptomatic carriers to critical illness with a wide range of complications....

Estimating the impact of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exerted significant strain on healthcare worldwide. Mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is...

Clinical Updates on the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a form of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension and is classified under group 4 of pulmonary hypertension (PH).  While CTEPH...