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Self-esteem and positive body image to overcome female sexual dysfunction

Human sexuality is arguably one of the main pillars of health, like nutrition and sleep. Improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic biotechnologies have enabled focus on not only deadly diseases, but also on the quality of life and sexual functions of men and women. Digital media also play a considerable...

Challenges with mainstreaming genetic testing for metastatic prostate cancer treatment in Singapore

Compared with other solid tumours, patients with metastatic prostate cancer typically have better survival in the range of years.1 The long survival translates to a high prevalence, and thus, a large number of men living with prostate cancer. Singapore has one of the highest age-standardised incidence rates of prostate...

Cryptococcal Prostatic Abscess in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cryptococcosis is a well-recognised infection in immunocompromised patients, although its prevalence varies with the type of immune defect. We report a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG) on steroid therapy and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who developed cryptococcal meningitis and in whom a search for a persistent focus by...

Repair of Complex Ureterovaginal and Vesicovaginal Fistulas with Ileal Cystoplasty and Ureteric Reimplantation into an Antireflux Ileal Nipple Valve—A Case Report

Urogenital fistulas are a known but uncommon complication of gynaecological surgery, especially those involving a malignant process. Its incidence does not exceed 2%. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

A Case Report—Delayed Vesicocutaneous Fistula After Radiation Therapy for Advanced Vulvar Cancer

To our knowledge this is the first reported case of an isolated vesicocutaneous fistula related to previous radiation therapy for recurrent vulvar cancer. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Outcome of Obstructive Uropathy After Pelvic Irradiation in Patients with Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment for locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix. It is also administered as an adjuvant therapy to patients deemed at high risk for local recurrence after radical hysterectomy. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the...

Re: Haematuria in the Diagnosis of Urinary Calculi. SBS Ooi, NW Kour, A Mahadev. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1998; 27:210-4

The above article highlights the insensitivity of urine microscopy compared with the Combur 9 test for detecting haematuria associated with urinary calculi. In the article, the equivalent microscopic RBC values for the Combur 9 are given as 5/ml (typo? it should be 5/µl) and 10 /ml (?10/µl) for intact...

Outpatient Treatment of Middle and Lower Ureteric Stones: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy versus Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy

Significant technological advances have been made in the management of ureteric calculi. The newer semirigid, fibreoptic ureteroscopes can now be passed with minimal trauma and in many cases without dilatation. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Survival after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the General Wards—The Results of a Dedicated “Code” Team

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is widely practised for cardiopulmonary arrests with variable success. The initial intention was to defibrillate patients with ventricular fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction, to save those with “hearts too good to die”. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top...

Traumatic Dislocation of the Testes

Traumatic dislocation of the testes is uncommon. The first case was reported by Claubry in 1818 in Paris, when a 20-year-old soldier was run over by a wagon resulting in bilateral suprapubic dislocation of his testes. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on...

Haematuria in the Diagnosis of Urinary Calculi

Patients with renal or ureteric colic are commonly seen at our Emergency Department. We routinely check their urine for haematuria using the Combur 9 test (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) alone without doing urine microscopy unless the patient shows pyuria on the Combur 9 test. This article is available only as a...

Is Staging of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Feasible?

Staging of disease is important. It serves as a guide for further management and also for comparing the results of treatment. Traditionally this has been used for malignant disease. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Renal Cell Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Dunnil and associates first described the association of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) and end stage renal disease. The incidence of ACKD in dialysis patients ranges from 10% to 90% depending on the duration of dialysis. This article is available only as a PDF. Please...

Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma with Thrombus

A characteristic feature of renal cell carcinoma is the development of tumour thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC). This takes place in 4% to 10% of cases. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Case Report: Percutaneous Balloon Dilatation and Ureteral Stenting for Tuberculous Renal Infundibular and Ureteral Strictures

The management of the non-functional tuberculous kidney is controversial and ranges from surgical intervention to conservative treatment. Intra-renal scarring with stricture formation is common in the late stages of renal tuberculosis and results in greater loss of renal function than direct involvement by tuberculosis alone. This article is available only...

Current Indications for Open Stone Surgery in Singapore

The treatment of urinary calculi has changed tremendously since the introduction of extra corporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL), and ureteroscopy over the past decade in our hospital. Patients previously requiring open surgical procedure are now treated successfully with these new therapeutic modalities. This article is available only as...

Role of Ultrasonography in Screening for Urological Malignancies in Patients Presenting With Painless Haematuria

Haematuria of any degree should never be ignored and, in adults, it should be regarded as a symptom of urological malignancy until proven otherwise. Mariani et al, in their evaluation of 1000 consecutive patients, revealed life-threatening lesions in 9.1% of cases. This article is available only as a PDF. Please...

Nitric Oxide Synthase-Its Distribution and Alteration in the Intramural Ganglia of the Urinary Bladder in Normal and Urethra-obstructed Guinea Pigs

Nitric oxide (NO) has been recognised as a nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurotransmitter at various sites in the nervous system. Its function as a NANC inhibitory transmitter has been documented in muscular and sphincter relaxation in the cardiovascular, digestive and urogenital system. This article is available only as a PDF....

Retroperitoneal Castleman’s Disease in the Perinephric Space—Imaging Appearance: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Castleman’s disease (CD) was first proposed by Castleman in 1954. It is usually found in the mediastinum, but other sites have been described. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Transurethral Alprostadil for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Results of a Multicentre Trial

As the population is growing older and the society getting more affluent, people are aiming for a better quality of life. This has resulted in greater awareness of erectile dysfunction (ED), thus increasing the number of patients approaching the doctor for consultation. This article is available only as a PDF....

Laparoscopic Telesurgery Between the United States and Singapore

Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication technologies to provide medical information and healthcare services. Early applications include medical use of the telephone and facsimile. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

The Genetics of Primary Vesico-Ureteric Reflux

Vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR, OMIM #193000), the name given to reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureter and towards the kidney, is believed to be due to a developmental abnormality of the ureteric bud during embryogenesis. Ureteral reflux has been known for centuries; in the 15th century Leonardo...

Transurethral Surgery and the Adductor Spasm

Bladder tumours frequently arise from the posterolateral wall of the bladder1 over the course of the obturator nerve. It is during transurethral resection of these tumours that direct electrical stimulation of the obturator nerve occurs. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top...

Six-Year Follow-Up of Untreated T1 Carcinoma of Prostate

It is well known that T1 carcinoma of the prostate has varying biologic behaviour. Attempts to identify those at higher risk of progression have led to the subclassification into T1a (focal, low grade) and T1b (diffuse, high grade). This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download...

Cystoscopic Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer by Intravesical Instillation of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Porphyrin Fluorescence—The Singapore Experience

Bladder cancer is the sixth most frequent malignant disease in the world. Superficial stages of the tumour are found in 75% to 85% of cases upon first diagnosis. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Bilateral Synchronous Renal Oncocytoma: A Case Report and Review

Oncocytomas are neoplasms characterised by large epithelial cells with finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm called oncocytes. They were first described by Zippel in 1942 and have subsequently been identified in the thyroid, parathyroid, salivary and adrenal glands. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on...

Acute Renal Colic: Value of Unenhanced Spiral Computed Tomography Compared with Intravenous Urography

The typical ureteric calculus presents with an acute onset of flank pain which may radiate to the groin. Intravenous urography (IVU) has classically been the gold standard for the diagnosis of urinary calculi. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view...

Holmium Laser Lithotripsy in the Management of Ureteric Calculi

The introduction of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the 1980s revolutionised treatment of renal and ureteric calculi. Progress in the field of extracorporeal lithotripsy was paralleled by the introduction of smaller caliber ureteroscopes and various intracorporeal lithotripters. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF”...

The Singapore General Hospital Early Clinical Experience with the 7.5F Flexible Ureterorenoscope

Intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA) has a reported success rate of between 94% and 98% for upper limb surgery. Limitations to its use include the quality of intraoperative anaesthesia, tourniquet pain and lack of adequate postoperative analgesia. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on...

Spectrum of Prostate Cancer in the Singapore General Hospital (1980 to 1985)

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men in the United States. In Singapore, it is the sixth most common incidence of cancer among males and the age-adjusted rates have risen from 8.2 to 9.6 per 100,000 per year between 1987 and 1992. This article is available only as...

Clinical Reasoning Learning Sessions

Many medical schools worldwide have made the shift toward problem-based learning (PBL) medical education. Some of them employ these new techniques in only part of their teaching, and usually in the pre-clinical phases, to make basic sciences easier and more attractive. This article is available only as a PDF. Please...

Quality of Life in Long-Term Survivors of Intensive Care

Intensive care has undergone rapid technological advancement in recent years enabling complex treatment of patients of advanced age and/or with advanced chronic diseases underlying their acute medical problems. New interventions have been introduced with success determined by their ability to save lives. This article is available only as a PDF....

Limitation of Life Support in the Critically Ill: The Hong Kong Perspective

Technological advances over the last 30 years have had an enormous impact on the way in which medicine is delivered today. This is particularly so in the specialty of intensive care where intensivists possess the necessary knowledge and tools to prolong life in many situations where patients would previously...

A Twelve-year Review of Radical Cystectomies in Singapore General Hospital

Bladder carcinoma is the tenth most common cancer affecting men in Singapore. It is more common in men with an age-standardised incidence rate of 6.9 per 100,000 per year for men and 1.7 per 100,000 per year for women in Singapore. This article is available only as a PDF. Please...

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Management of Complex Upper Urinary Tract Calculi: The Singapore General Hospital Experience

Open surgical removal had been the standard treatment for urolithiasis till the early 1980s when introduction of percutaneous techniques and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) revolutionised stone management. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Audit of Total Parenteral Nutrition in an Adult Surgical Intensive Care

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may contribute to good outcome in selected groups of patients. Parenteral nutrition is highly effective in reversing effects attributable to simple starvation. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Adrenal Myelolipoma Presenting with Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Haemorrhage Demonstrated on Computed Tomography and Angiogram—A Case Report

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign tumour, usually an incidental finding. Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage resulting from this tumour is rare. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

The Role of BTA stat in Clinical Practice

Cystoscopy, supplemented by urine cytology, remains the gold standard in detecting primary and recurrent bladder cancer. Urine cytology, although highly specific, detects only 29% to 45% of bladder tumours and is subject to considerable inter- and intra-observer differences. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download...

Two-year Outcome of Normal-birth-weight Infants Admitted to a Singapore Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

With the rapid advances in the field of neonatal intensive care, the focus of interest has been on the very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infant in recent years. The outcome of these infants has been extensively studied and widely reported. On the other hand, data on the incidence, risk prediction and outcome...

Penile Colour Duplex Ultrasonography as a Screening Tool for Venogenic Erectile Dysfunction

Penile colour flow Doppler imaging (PCDI) is a non-invasive, accurate and cost-effective technique. It has better patient acceptance as compared to cavernosometry and cavernosography, and it does not involve any ionising radiation. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the...

Single Centre Review of Radiologically-guided Percutaneous Nephrostomies: A Report of 273 Procedures

Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is a well-established technique in the armamentarium of an interventional radiologist when dealing with urinary obstruction. It provides temporary relief in obstructive uropathy and stabilises the patients for subsequent definitive treatment. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to...

Bowel Surgery for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer – An Early Case Series

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in patients with gynaecological malignancies in Singapore and developed countries, the main reason being the advanced stages of the disease (stage III or IV) at diagnosis. This is largely due to the lack of an effective screening tool to detect...

Hepatic Resection for Colorectal Metastases to the Liver: The National Cancer Centre/Singapore General Hospital Experience

Colorectal carcinoma is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although surgical resection in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy in certain cases provide curative treatment, more than 50% will develop metastases in the course of their disease. This article is available only as a PDF....

Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) Through The Decades – A Comparison of Results Over the Last Thirty Years in a Single Institution in Asia

Over the last 70 years, transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) has been used in the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and is still considered the gold standard. With improvements in operative techniques, video endoscopy, anaesthetic care and intraoperative monitoring of fluid and electrolytes, rates of intraoperative and...

Morbidity and Significant Bacteriuria after Urodynamic Studies

Urodynamics or pressure flow studies (PFS) are defined as a functional assessment of the lower urinary tract (LUT) to provide a pathophysiological basis for urinary symptoms and signs. Advocates of PFS deem it a necessary investigation if continence surgery is contemplated, stating that the “bladder is an unreliable witness”...

Supernumerary Testicle in a Case of Polyorchidism

The presence of more than 2 testicles is called polyorchidism. It is a rare anomaly. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

An Unusual Cause of Pulmonary Haemorrhage in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode which causes a chronic but usually asymptomatic infection in humans. However, in immunocompromised patients, parasitic larvae can develop rapidly and re-invade the host. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Uncommon Benign Intrascrotal Tumours

Leiomyomas of the urinary tract are exceedingly rare. They can, however, arise from almost any site within the genito-urinary tract, most commonly in the renal capsule and bilateral tumours are very rare. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the...

Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy and Intracorporeal Lithotripsy for Proximal Ureteric Calculi – A Comparative Assessment of Efficacy and Safety

The introduction of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) by Chaussy and his co-workers in 1980 revolutionised the management of urinary calculi. Since then, ESWL has become the modality of choice of many urologists for proximal ureteric calculi. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on...

Neonatal Priapism Associated With Spontaneous Bilateral Pyocavernositis

Priapism is a pathological state of prolonged, generally painful erection, unassociated with sexual desire and not ending in ejaculation. Rare before the 1980s, this entity became more frequent after the introduction of vasoactive drugs for intracavernosal injections. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF”...

Neuro-developmental Deficits in Early-treated Congenital Hypothyroidism

This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Neonatal Hepatic Abscess in Preterm Infants: A Rare Entity

Liver abscess has been recognised since the time of Hippocrates. The first report on liver abscess was published by Bright in 1836.1 However, reports pertaining to liver abscess in the neonatal period have been published only since the 1930s. Neonatal liver abscess is a rare entity. To our knowledge,...

Contemporary Results of Endopyelotomy for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) results in the gradual dilatation of the renal collecting system, and may lead to deterioration of renal function and pain. Although traditional open pyeloplasty remains the gold standard in the treatment of this condition, endoscopic management via endopyelotomy has provided a less invasive option in...

Clinical Evaluation of Arthroscopic-assisted Allograft Meniscal Transplantation

The menisci of the knee are fibro-cartilaginous structures essential for the normal biomechanic of the knee joint. They play a critical role in shock absorption, load transmission, joint lubrication and congruency, nutrition, stability of the knee and facilitating the rotation of the opposing articular surfaces of the joint. This article...

Pattern and Outcome of Subsidised Referrals to Cardiology Specialist Outpatient Clinics

Singapore faces an increasing demand for public healthcare from an ageing population in need of chronic care. At our cardiology specialist outpatient clinics, the volume of new cardiology subsidised outpatients has increased at an average of 12.8% per annum for the past 10 years. This article is available only as...

Measuring the Quality of Care of Diabetic Patients at the Specialist Outpatient Clinics in Public Hospitals in Singapore

Singapore is a country with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, 1 8.2% amongst its population aged between 18 and 69 years,2 and is joint second in the world for “pre-diabetes” after Nauru. 3 About 17% of all patients admitted to 3 acute hospitals in the National Healthcare Group...

The Role of Electrophysiology in the Diagnosis and Management of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Cervical spondylosis is an extremely common condition managed by both physicians and surgeons in daily clinical practice. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), resulting from longstanding degenerative impingement of the spinal cord and nerve roots by osteo-cartilagineous elements, is managed by conservative or surgical methods.1 While surgery is often performed in...

The Role of Surgery in High-grade Glioma – Is Surgical Resection Justified? A Review of the Current Knowledge

High-grade glioma (malignant glioma) is the most common primary intra-axial tumour of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite recent therapeutic advances in glioma treatment, the outcome for high-grade glioma has been disappointing. The first reported case of glioma resection was performed by Rickman Godlee in 1884.1 More than a...

Epidemiology, Management and Treatment Outcome of Medulloblastoma in Singapore

Medulloblastoma (MBL) is the most common type of malignant brain tumour in childhood. It belongs to the group of tumours known as primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET), which is a highly malignant, small round blue cell tumour of the central nervous system. The term “medulloblastoma” is classically reserved for PNETs...

Paediatric perineal skin pit: More than skin deep?

A 2.5-year-old boy was referred to our clinic for abnormal genitalia and a febrile urinary tract infection (Escherichia coli >105 colony-forming units/mL). At birth, his parents were informed that he had a “bilobed scrotum and a deep perineal skin pit” that may pose hygiene and cosmetic issues. They had...

The Effect of Temperature on Illness Severity in Emergency Department Congestive Heart Failure Patients

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. It is estimated that more than 5 million people in the United States (USA) have CHF.1,2 The annual number of deaths and hospitalisations resulting from CHF has increased steadily to reach almost...

Retinoblastoma: A Recent Experience at the National University Hospital, Singapore

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in infants and children.1 Worldwide, the incidence is 1 in 18,000 to 34,000 live births with an estimation of 5000 to 8000 new cases.2,3 The Singapore Childhood Cancer Registry (SCCR), a hospital based cancer registry that includes all children less than...

A Tiny Stone Induced Ureteral Rupture

A 60-year-old previously healthy man with unremarkable medical history presented with a complaint of intractable flank pain for one day. The laboratory test results were within normal limits except for microscopic haematuria on urinalysis. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to...

Evaluation of Data Completeness of the Prostate Cancer Registry after Robotic Radical Prostatectomy

Cancer data can be abstracted manually by cancer registrars or extracted automatically from the electronic medical systems. There may appear to be nothing in common between a manual Cancer Registry dealing with a few hundreds of new cases a year, and a large, highly computerised Cancer Registry as both...

Management of Fournier’s Gangrene with Vacuum Assisted Closure® Dressing

Fournier’s gangrene is a surgical emergency. Treatment consists of fluid resuscitation, intravenous broad spectrum antibiotics and immediate surgical consultation with a view for early wound debridement and drainage. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Staging of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia is Helpful in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), one of the most common diseases of ageing men, affects the quality of life by interfering with normal daily activities and sleep patterns. The current treatment options for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of BPH mainly depend on the severity of the...

Development of a Diabetes Registry to Improve Quality of Care in the National Healthcare Group in Singapore

In the last decade, the use of electronic medical records (EMR) has been widely recommended as a method for reducing errors, improving the quality of health care, and reducing costs in ambulatory care settings.1-9 EMRs have been shown to improve the quality of care for patients with chronic illnesses,...

Botulinum Toxin A for Idiopathic Detrusor Overactivity

Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterised by feelings of urgency to urinate, with or without incontinence and is usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia. These symptoms are due to involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to...

Management of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Metastatic Prostate Cancer with only Endocrine Therapy

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a systemic disorder that presents acutely with multiple organ failure. Although defined classically as a syndrome with a pentad of features, it is accepted now that a diagnosis can be made with the dyad of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia. This article is available only...

Are New Resuscitation Guidelines Better? Experience of an Asian Metropolitan Hospital

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a substantial public health burden that has poor prognosis. Patients who receive “good” and “high-quality” cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have better outcomes. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Incidence, Mortality and Five-year Relative Survival Ratio of Prostate Cancer among Chinese Residents in Singapore from 1968 to 2002 by Metastatic Staging

Prostate cancer is now the third most common cancer among Singapore males, with a world age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of 23.9 per 100,000 from 2003 to 2007. The average annual rate of increase between 1968 and 2002 was 5.6%, with a steeper increase seen in the last 10 years. This...

Renojejunal Fistula: An Extremely Rare Form of Renoenteric Fistula

Obstructive calculous disease of the kidney often results in infectious complications such as pyelonephritis and perinephric abscesses. Renojejunal fistula formation may occur as the inflammation becomes chronic. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Sustained Clinical Efficacy after Repeat Intradetrusor Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity

Despite the introduction of more potent and uroselective antimuscarinic agents, many patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity still suffer from refractory incontinence. Intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections had been shown to be safe and effective in treating such patients who had failed medical therapy. This article is available only as a PDF....

Development of Bariatric Surgery: The Effectiveness of a Multi-disciplinary Weight Management Programme in Hong Kong

Obesity is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the Western World with a frequency of 10% to 15%. It causes or exacerbates many diseases and is associated with major physical and psychological disability. Data from US national population surveys have shown that the prevalence of being overweight...

Validation of the Paediatric Hearing Impairment Caregiver Experience (PHICE) Questionnaire

The stress experienced by parents of children with hearing impairment (HI) has been studied over the past 2 decades. Increased parenting stress is often associated with developmental problems such as delay in language acquisition, social and emotional problems. The stress that parents endure fluctuates as they go through the...

A Comparison of the Short-term Morbidity and Mortality Between Late Preterm and Term Newborns

Late preterm infants are defined as those who are born between the gestational age (GA) from 34 weeks and 0/7 days through 36 weeks and 6/7 days. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Relationships between Prostatic Volume and Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion on Transabdominal Ultrasound and Benign Prostatic Obstruction in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the commonest diseases of ageing men. It can be associated with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that affect quality of life and it causes structural and functional changes in the bladder. Previous clinical guidelines had emphasised on managing symptoms; however current...

Managing a Renal Transplant Programme During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Experience from a Singapore Transplant Centre

As infrastructure and policies were being put in place to combat COVID-19, we recognised that specialty-specific policies and protocols had to be drawn up as well. Similarly, the Renal Medicine Unit at the Singapore General Hospital, an academic medical centre, acted quickly to modify our services to (1) protect...