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Molecular testing in non-small cell lung cancer: A consensus recommendation

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with an estimated 2.21 million new cases and 1.80 million deaths in 2020.1 In...

Streamlining multidisciplinary care in sarcoma management

Dear Editor, Sarcomas are rare and heterogenous tumours that constitute fewer than 1% of adult solid cancers.1 Owing to their aggressive behaviour, relative rarity...

A perfect match: The story of robotics in gynaecology

Dear Editor, The first use of surgical robotics started in the domain of orthopaedic and urological surgery. However, it was the initial concept of using...

Restaging of rectal cancer with hybrid positron emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging after preoperative chemoradiotherapy

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery is the current standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancers. Randomised trials have shown that a neoadjuvant...

Poor survival rate of pregnancy-associated breast cancer in Asian countries

Dear Editor, Asia has a lower incidence of breast cancer than North America, Oceania, and Western Europe. However, breast cancer rates have been rising fast...

Self-esteem and positive body image to overcome female sexual dysfunction

Human sexuality is arguably one of the main pillars of health, like nutrition and sleep. Improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic biotechnologies have enabled focus...

Promoting physical activity for population health

The chronic disease burden has risen globally. In Singapore, between 2007 and 2021, the crude prevalence of hyperlipidaemia (8.2–13.9%), hypertension (12.7–15.7%) and diabetes (4.9–6.9%)...

An approach to genetic testing in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Singapore

Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cancer in Asian men, and with its rising incidence, is emerging as a health priority in Asia.1...

The role of PIVKA-II in hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in an Asian population

Dear Editor, Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most established biomarker for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in at-risk individuals. However, its sensitivity and specificity are...

Surgical margins assessment reduces re-excision rates in breast-conserving surgery

Dear Editor, Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiation therapy for breast cancer offers improved cosmetic results and comparable long-term survival rates as mastectomy.1 However,...

Clinical efficacy and long-term immunogenicity of an early triple dose regimen of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in cancer patients

The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the ongoing worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Initial studies have reported an increased vulnerability of patients with...

Early COVID-19 booster is beneficial in cancer patients

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its corresponding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported as a cluster of pneumonia cases in...

Diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric MRI in endometrial cancer and its adjunctive value in identifying high-risk women requiring surgical staging

Dear Editor, Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in developed countries, with a five-year survival rate of 81%.1,2 Prognostic factors include the International...

Rapid exome sequencing to aid diagnostics in genetic disorders: Implementation and challenges in the Singapore context

Dear Editor, There is a high burden of genetic disorders in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), ranging from 45–56%,1,2 and delayed definitive...

Multidisciplinary lung cancer clinic: An emerging model of care

Dear Editor, Lung cancer management is progressively complex and multidisciplinary input is often needed. The recent publication of CheckMate 816 heralds a paradigm shift...

Characteristics of anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis patients in Singapore

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of acquired, systemic autoimmune conditions characterised by muscular and extramuscular manifestations. As a subset within the...

A recurring nasal mass

A 56-year-old Chinese man presented to the Ear, Nose and Throat clinic with months of unilateral right-sided nasal obstruction. He reported occasional mucopurulent discharge...

Early rehabilitation to improve functional outcomes in childhood cancer in Singapore

Dear Editor, We conducted a prospective, single-centre cohort study to review the impact of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme in children with cancer in Singapore....

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease screening in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cost-effectiveness and price threshold analysis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing epidemic and has become a major cause of liver-related mortality and indication for liver transplantations globally....

Low-dose computerised tomography screening for lung cancer in Singapore: Practical challenges of identifying participants

INTRODUCTION In March 2022, the European Commission on cancer screening suggested the inclusion of low-dose computerised tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer, targeted at current...

Barriers to breast cancer screening in Singapore: A literature review

Breast cancer is a major public health concern and a leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, including Singapore.1 According to the 2018...

Cause of vaginal spotting in an older woman

A 77-year-old Chinese woman with a past medical history of Sjogren’s syndrome, nodular goitre and right-sided neck lymphadenopathy, presented to the gynaecological service for...

Haemoglobin H disease and outcomes in Singapore

Dear Editor, Haemoglobin H (HbH) disease is a haemoglobinopathy affecting 3 of 4 α-globin genes on chromosome 16. It results from the deletion of 2...

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma associated with sudden stridor arising from thyroid mucormycosis and concomitant bacterial infection

Dear Editor, Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection that mainly affects immunocompromised patients. It typically has low prevalence, but fatality rate is as high...

Cryptococcal Prostatic Abscess in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cryptococcosis is a well-recognised infection in immunocompromised patients, although its prevalence varies with the type of immune defect. We report a patient with myasthenia...

Repair of Complex Ureterovaginal and Vesicovaginal Fistulas with Ileal Cystoplasty and Ureteric Reimplantation into an Antireflux Ileal Nipple Valve—A Case Report

Urogenital fistulas are a known but uncommon complication of gynaecological surgery, especially those involving a malignant process. Its incidence does not exceed 2%. This article...

A Case Report—Delayed Vesicocutaneous Fistula After Radiation Therapy for Advanced Vulvar Cancer

To our knowledge this is the first reported case of an isolated vesicocutaneous fistula related to previous radiation therapy for recurrent vulvar cancer. This article...

Outcome of Obstructive Uropathy After Pelvic Irradiation in Patients with Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

Radiotherapy is the mainstay treatment for locally advanced carcinoma of the cervix. It is also administered as an adjuvant therapy to patients deemed at...

Re: Haematuria in the Diagnosis of Urinary Calculi. SBS Ooi, NW Kour, A Mahadev. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1998; 27:210-4

The above article highlights the insensitivity of urine microscopy compared with the Combur 9 test for detecting haematuria associated with urinary calculi. In the...

Serum Selenium in the General Population of Singapore, 1993 to 1995

The current disease pattern in Singapore (an island state of 3.3 million people composed of 76% Chinese, 14% Malays, 7% Asian Indians and 3%...

Outpatient Treatment of Middle and Lower Ureteric Stones: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy versus Ureteroscopic Laser Lithotripsy

Significant technological advances have been made in the management of ureteric calculi. The newer semirigid, fibreoptic ureteroscopes can now be passed with minimal trauma...

Traumatic Dislocation of the Testes

Traumatic dislocation of the testes is uncommon. The first case was reported by Claubry in 1818 in Paris, when a 20-year-old soldier was run...

Haematuria in the Diagnosis of Urinary Calculi

Patients with renal or ureteric colic are commonly seen at our Emergency Department. We routinely check their urine for haematuria using the Combur 9...

Plasma Vitamins A, C and E in the General Population of Singapore, 1993 to 1995

The current disease pattern in Singapore (an island state of 3.3 million people composed of 76% Chinese, 14% Malays, 7% Asian Indians and 3%...

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Singapore

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or lupus (“wolf” in Latin) in short, is an autoimmune disorder of unknown aetiology(ies) and characterised by diverse clinical manifestations...

Is Staging of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Feasible?

Staging of disease is important. It serves as a guide for further management and also for comparing the results of treatment. Traditionally this has...

Pathogenesis and Morphogenesis of Craniofacial Developmental Anomalies

The current explosion of molecular biology encompassing genetics, morphogenesis, teratogenesis and pharmacogenomics for targeted drug therapy is about to have a profound impact upon...

The Outcome of Trial Off Catheter after Acute Retention of Urine

Acute retention of urine (ARU) is the commonest urological condition requiring emergency admission to hospital and is usually managed by urethral catheterisation. Previously, patients...

Renal Cell Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Dunnil and associates first described the association of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) and end stage renal disease. The...

Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma with Thrombus

A characteristic feature of renal cell carcinoma is the development of tumour thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava (IVC). This takes place in...

Case Report: Percutaneous Balloon Dilatation and Ureteral Stenting for Tuberculous Renal Infundibular and Ureteral Strictures

The management of the non-functional tuberculous kidney is controversial and ranges from surgical intervention to conservative treatment. Intra-renal scarring with stricture formation is common...

Current Indications for Open Stone Surgery in Singapore

The treatment of urinary calculi has changed tremendously since the introduction of extra corporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PCNL), and ureteroscopy over the...

Role of Ultrasonography in Screening for Urological Malignancies in Patients Presenting With Painless Haematuria

Haematuria of any degree should never be ignored and, in adults, it should be regarded as a symptom of urological malignancy until proven otherwise....

Nitric Oxide Synthase-Its Distribution and Alteration in the Intramural Ganglia of the Urinary Bladder in Normal and Urethra-obstructed Guinea Pigs

Nitric oxide (NO) has been recognised as a nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurotransmitter at various sites in the nervous system. Its function as a...

Retroperitoneal Castleman’s Disease in the Perinephric Space—Imaging Appearance: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Castleman’s disease (CD) was first proposed by Castleman in 1954. It is usually found in the mediastinum, but other sites have been described. This article...

Transurethral Alprostadil for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: Results of a Multicentre Trial

As the population is growing older and the society getting more affluent, people are aiming for a better quality of life. This has resulted...

Laparoscopic Telesurgery Between the United States and Singapore

Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication technologies to provide medical information and healthcare services. Early applications include medical use of the telephone and facsimile. This...

The Genetics of Primary Vesico-Ureteric Reflux

Vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR, OMIM #193000), the name given to reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureter and towards the kidney, is believed...

The Current State of Multiple Sclerosis Genetic Research

It was Charcot (1868) who first made the formal pathological correlation between lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) and a disorder termed, ‘la...

Transurethral Surgery and the Adductor Spasm

Bladder tumours frequently arise from the posterolateral wall of the bladder1 over the course of the obturator nerve. It is during transurethral resection of...

Six-Year Follow-Up of Untreated T1 Carcinoma of Prostate

It is well known that T1 carcinoma of the prostate has varying biologic behaviour. Attempts to identify those at higher risk of progression have...

Cystoscopic Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer by Intravesical Instillation of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Porphyrin Fluorescence—The Singapore Experience

Bladder cancer is the sixth most frequent malignant disease in the world. Superficial stages of the tumour are found in 75% to 85% of...

Bilateral Synchronous Renal Oncocytoma: A Case Report and Review

Oncocytomas are neoplasms characterised by large epithelial cells with finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm called oncocytes. They were first described by Zippel in 1942 and...

Acute Renal Colic: Value of Unenhanced Spiral Computed Tomography Compared with Intravenous Urography

The typical ureteric calculus presents with an acute onset of flank pain which may radiate to the groin. Intravenous urography (IVU) has classically been...

Holmium Laser Lithotripsy in the Management of Ureteric Calculi

The introduction of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the 1980s revolutionised treatment of renal and ureteric calculi. Progress in the field of extracorporeal lithotripsy...

The Singapore General Hospital Early Clinical Experience with the 7.5F Flexible Ureterorenoscope

Intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA) has a reported success rate of between 94% and 98% for upper limb surgery. Limitations to its use include the...

Spectrum of Prostate Cancer in the Singapore General Hospital (1980 to 1985)

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men in the United States. In Singapore, it is the sixth most common incidence of cancer...

Clinical Reasoning Learning Sessions

Many medical schools worldwide have made the shift toward problem-based learning (PBL) medical education. Some of them employ these new techniques in only part...

A Twelve-year Review of Radical Cystectomies in Singapore General Hospital

Bladder carcinoma is the tenth most common cancer affecting men in Singapore. It is more common in men with an age-standardised incidence rate of...

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Management of Complex Upper Urinary Tract Calculi: The Singapore General Hospital Experience

Open surgical removal had been the standard treatment for urolithiasis till the early 1980s when introduction of percutaneous techniques and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy...

Evidence-based Medicine: The Key to Guidelines, Disease and Care Management Programmes

Health care in America and the rest of the industrialised world continues to reinvent itself at an ever-accelerating rate. The societal pressures for high...

Adrenal Myelolipoma Presenting with Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Haemorrhage Demonstrated on Computed Tomography and Angiogram—A Case Report

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign tumour, usually an incidental finding. Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage resulting from this tumour is rare. This article is available only...

The Role of BTA stat in Clinical Practice

Cystoscopy, supplemented by urine cytology, remains the gold standard in detecting primary and recurrent bladder cancer. Urine cytology, although highly specific, detects only 29%...

Penile Colour Duplex Ultrasonography as a Screening Tool for Venogenic Erectile Dysfunction

Penile colour flow Doppler imaging (PCDI) is a non-invasive, accurate and cost-effective technique. It has better patient acceptance as compared to cavernosometry and cavernosography,...

Single Centre Review of Radiologically-guided Percutaneous Nephrostomies: A Report of 273 Procedures

Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is a well-established technique in the armamentarium of an interventional radiologist when dealing with urinary obstruction. It provides temporary relief in...

MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy of Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate

Prostate cancer is usually suspected due to an abnormal digital rectal examination, elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level or both. The diagnosis of...

Measuring Quality of Life in Chinese Cancer Patients: A New Version of the Functional Living Index for Cancer (Chinese)

Health-related quality of life (QOL) is recognised as an important aspect of patient care. In oncology studies, it may stand as the primary end-point....

Current Concepts of Tumour Metastasis

Tumour metastasis, or the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumour to distant sites, remains the principal cause of treatment failure and poor...

Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) Through The Decades – A Comparison of Results Over the Last Thirty Years in a Single Institution in Asia

Over the last 70 years, transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) has been used in the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and is...

Morbidity and Significant Bacteriuria after Urodynamic Studies

Urodynamics or pressure flow studies (PFS) are defined as a functional assessment of the lower urinary tract (LUT) to provide a pathophysiological basis for...

Supernumerary Testicle in a Case of Polyorchidism

The presence of more than 2 testicles is called polyorchidism. It is a rare anomaly. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click...

Uncommon Benign Intrascrotal Tumours

Leiomyomas of the urinary tract are exceedingly rare. They can, however, arise from almost any site within the genito-urinary tract, most commonly in the...

Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy and Intracorporeal Lithotripsy for Proximal Ureteric Calculi – A Comparative Assessment of Efficacy and Safety

The introduction of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) by Chaussy and his co-workers in 1980 revolutionised the management of urinary calculi. Since then, ESWL has...

Trends in Cancer Incidence Among Singapore Malays: A Low-risk Population

Cancer is now one of the most common causes of death in the world. Inspection of changes in cancer incidence in ethnically or geographically...

Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Metastases of Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum

Cutaneous metastasis from colorectal adenocarcinoma is an interesting condition not only because of its rarity, it occurs in less than 4% of patients with...

Neonatal Priapism Associated With Spontaneous Bilateral Pyocavernositis

Priapism is a pathological state of prolonged, generally painful erection, unassociated with sexual desire and not ending in ejaculation. Rare before the 1980s, this...

Re-defining Neurological Syndromes: The Genotype Meets the Phenotype

Since time immemorial, generations of medical students and physicians have always been taught that a thorough and detailed history and examination is the foundation...

Parathyroid Carcinoma: A Case Series

Parathyroid carcinomas account for 1% to 3% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).1 Patients usually present with a severe form of hyperparathyroidism at diagnosis,...

Thoracic Complications of Radiofrequency Ablation of Recurrent Hepatoma

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) intended to produce complete thermal necrosis of unresectable primary or secondary hepatic malignancies have gained widespread availability and acceptance over the...

Paediatric perineal skin pit: More than skin deep?

A 2.5-year-old boy was referred to our clinic for abnormal genitalia and a febrile urinary tract infection (Escherichia coli >105 colony-forming units/mL). At birth,...

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy – Studies from the Asia Pacific Region

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpA), a group of arthritides characterised by axial skeletal involvement and the absence of rheumatoid factor, are now enjoying a resurgence of...

Mohs micrographic surgery in Singapore: A long-term follow-up review

Dear Editor, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has become the treatment of choice for high-risk non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) worldwide.1 Unlike wide local excision, MMS...

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features and the risk of malignancy in thyroid cytology: Data from Singapore

As only 5–10% of thyroid nodules harbour malignancy, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is important in triaging nodules requiring surgical excision from nodules that may be...

Characteristics of unplanned hospitalisations among cancer patients in Singapore

Cancer is a pervasive global problem with growing healthcare utilisation and costs.1-3 This situation is similar in Singapore where cancer incidence is on the...

The case for better hospitalisation selection in cancer patients

Public hospital occupancy rates and resource utilisation in Singapore are perennially high. In the last 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been...

A Tiny Stone Induced Ureteral Rupture

A 60-year-old previously healthy man with unremarkable medical history presented with a complaint of intractable flank pain for one day. The laboratory test results...

Evaluation of Data Completeness of the Prostate Cancer Registry after Robotic Radical Prostatectomy

Cancer data can be abstracted manually by cancer registrars or extracted automatically from the electronic medical systems. There may appear to be nothing in...

Management of Fournier’s Gangrene with Vacuum Assisted Closure® Dressing

Fournier’s gangrene is a surgical emergency. Treatment consists of fluid resuscitation, intravenous broad spectrum antibiotics and immediate surgical consultation with a view for early...

Staging of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia is Helpful in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), one of the most common diseases of ageing men, affects the quality of life by interfering with normal daily activities...

Botulinum Toxin A for Idiopathic Detrusor Overactivity

Overactive bladder (OAB) is characterised by feelings of urgency to urinate, with or without incontinence and is usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia. These...

Management of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Metastatic Prostate Cancer with only Endocrine Therapy

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a systemic disorder that presents acutely with multiple organ failure. Although defined classically as a syndrome with a pentad...

Incidence, Mortality and Five-year Relative Survival Ratio of Prostate Cancer among Chinese Residents in Singapore from 1968 to 2002 by Metastatic Staging

Prostate cancer is now the third most common cancer among Singapore males, with a world age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of 23.9 per 100,000 from...

Renojejunal Fistula: An Extremely Rare Form of Renoenteric Fistula

Obstructive calculous disease of the kidney often results in infectious complications such as pyelonephritis and perinephric abscesses. Renojejunal fistula formation may occur as the...

Sustained Clinical Efficacy after Repeat Intradetrusor Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity

Despite the introduction of more potent and uroselective antimuscarinic agents, many patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity still suffer from refractory incontinence. Intradetrusor botulinum toxin...

Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Singapore Cancer Patients

Worldwide, the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) by cancer patients is highly prevalent. For cancer specialists, knowledge on CAM use in their...

Non-directive Genetic Counselling – Respect for Autonomy or Unprofessional Practice?

About 5% to 15% of all cancers are hereditary and due to germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. With the human genome project and...

Demographic Determinants of Survival in Osteosarcoma

The treatment of osteosarcoma has seen tremendous improvements over the last 3 decades of the twentieth century. Over the last decade it appears that...

The Hidden Impact of Childhood Cancer on the Family: A Multi-Institutional Study from Singapore

Chronic childhood illnesses have varying degrees of impact on the children and their families. Some chronic conditions that have little or no impact on...

Causes and Features of Erythroderma

Erythroderma is a dermatological reaction characterised by extensive erythema and scaling of the skin secondary to a variety of causes. An improved understanding of...

Routine intraoperative frozen section adds little value to the management of thyroid nodules with Bethesda III cytology

Dear Editor, We would like to highlight the need to reduce intraoperative frozen section (FS) during diagnostic hemithyroidectomy performed on thyroid nodules with Bethesda III...

Telemedicine for palliative care: Current and future challenges

Dear Editor, We read with interest the article published in the June 2021 issue of the Annals titled “Use of telemedicine in healthcare during COVID-19...

Managing buccal space tumours

Dear Editor, The buccal space is an infrequently addressed fascial space of the head and neck region. Intrinsic tumours of the buccal space are...

How do English-speaking Cancer Patients Conceptualise Personhood?

Understanding the way personhood or “what makes you, you” is conceptualised is pivotal to the practice of medicine. Conceptions of personhood determine the moral...

Relationships between Prostatic Volume and Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion on Transabdominal Ultrasound and Benign Prostatic Obstruction in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the commonest diseases of ageing men. It can be associated with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)...

Bone in the breast: Clinical, radiological and pathological correlation

An 84-year-old woman presented with a left breast mass that had been rapidly growing over a few months. On clinical examination, there was a...

Treatment of Ewing sarcoma in children: Results from a single centre

Dear Editor, Ewing sarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumour that presents as a bone or soft-tissue sarcoma. Translocations involving the EWS gene on chromosome 22q12...

Does pulmonary metastasectomy of colorectal metastases translate to better survival? A systematic review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the one of most common cancers worldwide. Metastatic disease occurs in approximately half of all CRC patients, in either synchronous...

Impact of true fetal mosaicism on prenatal screening and diagnosis

Over the past decade, the non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) has increasingly been used as a method for prenatal screening for trisomy 21 (T21) and...

Prevalence of thyroid malignancy and hormonal dysfunction following radiation exposure in childhood

The incidence of thyroid cancer has been steadily increasing worldwide. Childhood radiation exposure is a known risk factor for thyroid malignancy. However, data on...

Pelvic mass mimicking advanced tubo-ovarian malignancy with hepatic metastasis

A 49-year-old woman presented with mild pain in her lower abdomen and changes in bowel habits for 2 months. She also experienced 20kg of...

Rare homozygous PRKN exon 8 and 9 deletion in Malay familial early-onset Parkinson’s disease

Little is known about the genetics of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in Southeast Asian populations.1 We extended knowledge of the Southeast Asian monogenic PD landscape...

Incidence and trends of ophthalmic cancer in Singapore: Data from Singapore Cancer Registry

Ophthalmic cancers are commonly encountered in clinical practice and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Globally, the incidence of ophthalmic cancers have...

Managing a Renal Transplant Programme During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Experience from a Singapore Transplant Centre

As infrastructure and policies were being put in place to combat COVID-19, we recognised that specialty-specific policies and protocols had to be drawn up...

PLA2R1 and HLA-DQA1 gene variations in idiopathic membranous nephropathy in South China

Membranous nephropathy is an organ-specific autoimmune disease and is the most common cause of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome. The diagnosis of membranous nephropathy mainly depends...

An unusual submandibular tumour

A woman in her 60s presented with a non-tender, non-enlarging swelling in the left submandibular triangle of the neck for 3 months. She had...

Penile preserving surgery in penile cancer management

Penile cancer is a condition that accounts for approximately 0.4% of cancers among Singapore males. Overall, this is an uncommon cancer with higher rates...

Primary cutaneous umbilical melanoma

A 59-year-old woman with a pre-existing asymptomatic pigmented nevus on the umbilicus for the past 20 years was seen in the outpatient dermatology clinic...

Cervical screening in foreign domestic workers in Singapore

Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in many countries in Southeast Asia, with a cumulative age-standardised incidence rate (ASRI) of 17.2 per...