Injuries form the fifth commonest cause of death locally. They accounted for 27 out of 100 000 deaths in 1993. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Dunnil and associates first described the association of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) and end stage renal disease. The incidence of ACKD in dialysis patients ranges from 10% to 90% depending on the duration of dialysis. This article is available only as a PDF. Please...

The lack of uniform criteria for asthma handicaps the diagnosis, the systematic documentation of cases and the consistent reporting of studies addressing asthma. It restricts also the use of patient documents of asthmatics especially in detailed causal analysis, although they could give important information for research and administration. This article...

Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy using laparoscopic techniques has become a very attractive method of procuring kidneys from live donors, compared to the traditional standard open surgical approach. The laparoscopic approach to live donor nephrectomy has advantages of decreased postoperative pain with lesser analgesic requirement, less surgical trauma, shorter hospitalisation...

The first case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was detected in Singapore on 16May 1985. The number of newly diagnosed HIV/acquired immuno-deficiency virus syndrome (AIDS) infections has been increasing since 1985, and a total of 1599 cases were detected as of December 2001. In a known cohort of...

Renal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for 3% of all cancers. Isolated haematuria or pain is the most common form of presentation. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Clear cell carcinoma is a rare low-grade carcinoma that occurs almost exclusively in the intra-oral minor salivary glands.1-11 Occasional cases have been reported in other sites.3,10-14 Various terms applied to this tumour reflect its histological diversity.1-3,9 The recognition and consequent reporting of this neoplasm increased significantly after the report...

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterially sexually transmitted infection (STI) in England and Wales.1 This infection if untreated can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility and ectopic pregnancy.2 In fact pelvic inflammatory disease after a termination of pregnancy (TOP) is a well recognised complication and Chlamydia trachomatis...

The left atrium (LA) plays the primary role in the filling of the left ventricle (LV). A number of studies have demonstrated that LA enlargement (i.e. volume increase) is a negative prognostic factor for survival in patients with a variety of cardiovascular disorders, including stroke, congestive heart failure and...

Thyroid nodules which can be palpated are present in between 4% and 7% of the population. Solid nodules as small as 3 mm and cysts of 2 mm can be detected with high-frequency ultrasonography (US). US has been also commonly used to differentiate malignant nodules from all thyroid lesions...