A brand new medical school offers the opportunity for us to stand back and think what a graduating doctor in 2018 will need to optimally handle the health burden faced at that time (Fig. 1.). The graduate needs to be fit for purpose and in developing the learning outcomes,...

The progressive increase in the number of biopsy cores taken during transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) needle biopsy of the prostate over the past decade has necessitated the introduction of anaesthetic techniques to minimise patient discomfort and pain. The sextant biopsy strategy was the gold standard for several years until the...

The national guidelines in Singapore recommend influenza vaccination for all individuals over the age of 65, as well as children and adults with comorbidities or immunosuppression such as HIV infection. Similar recommendations have also been considered the standard of care in the United States and many other developed countries for...

The first prosthetic knee was introduced in 1954 as a hinged prosthesis by Shiers.1 In his follow-up of 19 primary operations, 8 required at least 1 revision—a revision rate of more than 40% over a mean follow-up time of 4 years. Since then, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has come...

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) account for 3% to 6% of all hospital admissions and occur in 10% to 15% of hospitalised patients, resulting in morbidity, prolonged hospitalisation and higher risk of mortality. ADR are defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect of...