Fourteen years ago, an editorial in the Annals announced the coming of age of cardiology in Singapore. Among the issues raised in that editorial were the impact of changing demographics and disease patterns, the importance of optimising resources, and the need for structured training and sub-specialisation. This article is available...

Patients with chest pain often pose a diagnostic conundrum to the attending physician especially when symptoms are not typical of angina and the electrocardiogram nondiagnostic. Troponin levels are frequently measured at presentation to prognosticate the patient. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on...

Congestive heart failure is an increasingly common disorder and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries around the world. It is a clinical syndrome that represents the end point of a myriad of heart conditions. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download...

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is the abnormal dilatation of a segment of the coronary artery to a diameter of at least 1.5 times that of normal adjacent segments1 (Fig. 1). It is a well-recognised, albeit uncommon, finding at cardiac catheterisation. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click...

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred revascularisation approach for most patients with coronary artery disease because, with comparable clinical outcomes in selected patients, PCI is less invasive and offers shorter hospital stay and faster recovery as compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The acceptance of PCI as...