In Singapore, there were 7813 patients who suffered from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Year 2011, among whom 2100 (26.9%) had ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Much knowledge has been gained since the early description of the mechanism of AMI by Dr James Bryan Herrick who published in...

Pharmacogenetics is aimed at elucidating the influence of genetic variations on drug response. Genetic variations, of which single-nucleotide polymorphisms are the most common, can affect gene expression and thereby cause alterations in protein expression level, structure and function. Thus, functional polymorphisms in drug metabolising enzymes, transporters and targets can potentially alter...

Coronary artery calcification (CAC), as measured by computed tomography (CT), is a surrogate marker of coronary atherosclerosis and has been shown to be predictive of future coronary events. Previous studies on race and CAC have yielded discordant results. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study reported an...

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) are an important health issue in Singapore with an incidence of 798 per year based on data from 2001 to 2002, and with projected further increases in subsequent years. Survival to discharge is approximately 2%, comparatively poor with regards to international results, which report a...

The survival rates to hospital discharge from out-of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Singapore, which is reported to be 2.0%,1 is comparable to other large cities such as Hong Kong (1.25%), Chicago3 (2%), and New York (1.4%). However this is lower than that reported in several North American cities...