ABSTRACT
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have become ubiquitous in every field of medicine today but there has been limited success in implementation and improvement in health outcomes. Guidelines are largely based on the results of traditional randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which adopt a highly selective process to maximise the intervention’s chance of demonstrating efficacy thus having high internal validity but lacking external validity. Therefore, guidelines based on these RCTs often suffer from a gap between trial efficacy and real world effectiveness and is one of the common reasons contributing to poor guideline adherence by physicians. “Real World Evidence” (RWE) can complement RCTs in CPG development. RWE—in the form of data from integrated electronic health records—represents the vast and varied collective experience of frontline doctors and patients. RWE has the potential to fill the gap in current guidelines by balancing information about whether a test or treatment works (efficacy) with data on how it works in real world practice (effectiveness). RWE can also advance the agenda of precision medicine in everyday practice by engaging frontline stakeholders in pragmatic biomarker studies. This will enable guideline developers to more precisely determine not only whether a clinical test or treatment is recommended, but for whom and when. Singapore is well positioned to ride the big data and RWE wave as we have the advantages of high digital interconnectivity, an integrated National Electronic Health Record (NEHR), and governmental support in the form of the Smart Nation initiative.
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have become ubiquitous in every field of medicine over the past few decades with thousands being published annually. Guidelines attempt to improve healthcare by: 1) guiding practitioners in the implementation of the latest research findings into practice, 2) promoting cost-effective treatments that are shown to reduce mortality and morbidity whilst discouraging ineffective, dangerous or wasteful practices; and 3) establishing standards so that patients receive consistent care regardless of where and by whom they are treated.
This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.
