Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease which is progressively destructive in nature. Persistent inflammation often leads to bowel damage over time, with the development of strictures, fistulae and abscesses. Current standard therapeutic strategies have not modified the course of CD. The focus of effective management of CD...

Movement disorders refer to a group of neurological conditions that cause either hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movements. Movement disorders are common. As an example, the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) exceeds 1% in individuals aged 60 and above with increasing rates found amongst older individuals. The prevalence rate of essential...

Oxidative stress, which is caused by an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, is an emerging risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a crucial health problem in Western countries, Asia and other developing countries. Therefore, understanding oxidative stress conditions and developing a therapeutic approach to limit the effects of oxidative...

Paediatric choledochal cyst is an uncommon benign cystic dilatation of the biliary tree, and is more prevalent in Asia than in the West. Accepted treatment consists of complete excision of the cyst with bilio-enteric reconstruction. Left untreated, choledochal cysts can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, including spontaneous rupture,...

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) with or without stimulation is the most common assisted reproductive technique (ART) in the world. Currently, IUI is widely used for treating infertility as a cheaper, simpler and less invasive method compared to in vitro fertilisation (IVF) techniques. While there is good evidence of the efficacy...