The advent of the “troponin era” has its roots in the redefinition of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by the joint committee of European and American cardiologists in 2000. Troponin was identified as the preferred serologic biomarker for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This article is available only as a PDF. Please...

The Short Form-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) survey is a well established 36-item instrument that had been used in many clinical and epidemiologic studies to assess the quality of life of subjects all around the world. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click...

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is indicated for patients who are unable to progress to oral or enteral nutrition. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) both recommend PN if a patient is unable to progress to oral or...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Enteric Gramnegative organisms account for more than 90% of UTIs, of which Escherichia coli remains the predominant uropathogen. UTIs also remain as one of the most common indications for antimicrobial prescription. This article is available only as a...

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common form of adult congenital heart disease. When compared to patients with a normal trileaflet aortic valve, dilatation of the aortic root and the ascending aorta (Asc Ao) are the common findings in patients with BAV, with consequent higher risk of developing...