Since the 1990s the development of the chemical treatment of human disorders, based on principles of human physiology, and clinical pharmaco-kinetics and -dynamics, has culminated in coherent sets of drug treatments that work reliably in most of the chronic non-communicable diseases affecting people worldwide. This article is available only as...

On 1 February 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the current Zika outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). On 31 March 2016, WHO announced that based on a growing body of research, there is scientific consensus that Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a burgeoning global health epidemic, with an estimated 422 million people living with DM in 2014. The prevalence of DM amongst Singaporean adults aged 18 to 69 years mirrors global trends, increasing from 8.2% in 20042 to 11.3% in 2010. This article is available only as a...

In 1906, Jaboulay performed the first transplant surgery in the history of mankind. He transplanted a goat and porcine kidney into 2 different patients, who unfortunately did not survive. This article is available only as a PDF. Please click on “Download PDF” on top to view the full article.

Globally, 1 in 10 infants are born prematurely according to reports by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Anaemia of prematurity (AOP) is a common complication in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The need for multiple blood transfusions may expose these infants to increased risk of infections and...